Explore topic-wise fullforms in Accounts and Finance

INFO: Full form for SRR is Statutory Reserve Ratio in Accounts and Finance category
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INFO: Full form for SQC is Smaller Quoted Companies in Accounts and Finance category
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INFO: Full form for SRQ is System Review Questionnaire in Accounts and Finance category
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The total expense ratio (TER) is a measure of the total cost of a fund to an investor. Total costs may include various fees (purchase, redemption, auditing) and other expenses. The TER, calculated by dividing the total annual cost by the fund's total assets averaged over that year, is denoted as a percentage. It will normally vary somewhat from year to year.

Typically it consists of the annual management charge (AMC), the fee that the fund company charges annually to manage the fund (typically commission paid to fund managers), plus 'other' charges incurred with running the fund. These other charges can consist of share registration fees, fees payable to auditors, legal fees, and custodian fees. Not included in the total expense ratio are transaction costs as a result of trading of the fund's assets.

Because the TER is inclusive of these other charges, it is a more accurate measure of the 'drag' on a fund's performance than just using the annual management charge alone. In their advertisements and even their fact sheets, fund companies tend to give more emphasis to the AMC, making it difficult for a private investor (in the UK at least) to see the total expense ratio of the fund they are investing in. In the United States, however, it is mandatory not only to show it but also to make it as clear and as concise as possible.

Fund costs are very important: every dollar charged by a fund is a dollar that investors won't get, but costs can be offset to some extent – or even completely – by benefits.

Fund managers can benefit investors in a range of ways. These include:

Fund managers also save investors time and effort by:

Just as buying the cheapest car or house isn't always the best option; it could be a mistake just to invest in the lowest-cost fund. Some kinds of funds (e.g., cash funds) cost a lot less to run than others (e.g., diversified equity funds), but a good fund should do better – after fees – than any cash fund over the longer term. In general it seems that there is, at best, a positive correlation between the fees charged by a fund and the returns it provides to investors.

Once an investor has decided on a mix of assets (asset allocation) that suits their situation, needs, and goals, they need to know whether to invest through (more expensive) actively managed funds, cheaper ETFs (exchange traded funds), or directly. When considering using a managed fund, they should research what the manager does to earn their fees and the returns they are likely to achieve after fees.

Professional financial advisers who have a fiduciary duty towards their clients can help with determining the best trade-off between all of the different investment options available, looking at all of the characteristics, including the total expense ratio.

INFO: Full form for TGR is Total Gross Receipts in Accounts and Finance category
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INFO: Full form for TCK is Trust Company of Kansas in Accounts and Finance category
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INFO: Full form for UEL is Useful Economic Life in Accounts and Finance category
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INFO: Full form for ACH is Account Clearing House in Accounts and Finance category
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INFO: Full form for ACH is Automated Check Handling in Accounts and Finance category
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INFO: Full form for BEP is Break Even Point in Accounts and Finance category
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INFO: Full form for DPO is Departmental Purchase Order in Accounts and Finance category
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INFO: Full form for TXR is Tax Supplemental Return in Accounts and Finance category
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INFO: Full form for NBV is Nos Belles Vacances in Accounts and Finance category
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INFO: Full form for NBV is Net Book Value in Accounts and Finance category
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INFO: Full form for BOA is Breakthrough Opportunity Analysis in Accounts and Finance category
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Trailing twelve months (TTM) is a measurement of a company's financial performance (income and expenses) used in finance. It is measured by using the income statements from a company's reports (such as interim, quarterly or annual reports), to calculate the income for the twelve-month period immediately prior to the date of the report. This figure is calculated by analysts because quarterly and interim reports often show only income from the preceding 3, 6 or 9 months, not a full year; because they do not represent a full year, such data can be skewed by seasonal trading patterns, such as higher sales over Christmas, giving a less accurate picture of a company's fiscal health.

Typically TTM figures are generated to show either the most recent twelve months of a company's trading or to show the last twelve months of its trading before a certain event, such as an acquisition, took place. If no quarterly or interim report has been issued between the last preliminary report or annual report and the date in question, then there is no need to generate trailing twelve months figures, because annual and preliminary reports already contain figures for 12 months.

Trailing twelve months figures are generated using the last interim or quarterly report a company has issued before the date in question. You generate a trailing twelve months figure for each item in the income statement by adding the figure for the reporting period since the company's financial year end to the figure in the annual report and taking off the figure for the matching period the previous year (e.g. 3 months from 1 Jan 2008 to 31 March 2008 plus 12 months to 31 December 2007 minus 3 months from 1 January 2007 to 31 March 2007 to give you 12 months from 1 April 2007 to (trailing) 31 March 2008).

A company's balance sheet is not affected by this, as a balance sheet only ever reflects a single point in time, not the events across a year.

INFO: Full form for TFM is Total Financial Management in Accounts and Finance category
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INFO: Full form for PFB is Patient Friendly Billing in Accounts and Finance category
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INFO: Full form for PFB is Please Find Below in Accounts and Finance category
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INFO: Full form for CMK is Consumer Market Knowledge in Accounts and Finance category
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INFO: Full form for AUI is Auditing Interpretations in Accounts and Finance category
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INFO: Full form for FOP is Form of Payment in Accounts and Finance category
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INFO: Full form for CGR is Compound Growth Rate in Accounts and Finance category
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INFO: Full form for AuR is Available Upon Request in Accounts and Finance category
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INFO: Full form for CDB is Commune Development Budget in Accounts and Finance category
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INFO: Full form for PBA is Project-based Accounting in Accounts and Finance category
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INFO: Full form for TBE is To Be Entered in Accounts and Finance category
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The triple bottom line (or otherwise noted as TBL or 3BL) is an accounting framework with three parts: social, environmental (or ecological) and financial. Some organizations have adopted the TBL framework to evaluate their performance in a broader perspective to create greater business value. Business writer John Elkington claims to have coined the phrase in 1994.

INFO: Full form for SPP is Simple Payback Period in Accounts and Finance category
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INFO: Full form for AOB is Audit Oversight Board (malaysia) in Accounts and Finance category
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