Explore topic-wise fullforms in Chemistry

INFO: Full form for TOPS is Total Optimization Physical Synthesis in Chemistry category
TOPS also has other full forms in other categories mentioned below.

INFO: Full form for TCPE is Toledo Chemistry Placement Exam in Chemistry category
TCPE also has other full forms in other categories mentioned below.

Standard temperature and pressure (STP) are standard sets of conditions for experimental measurements to be established to allow comparisons to be made between different sets of data. The most used standards are those of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) and the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), although these are not universally accepted standards. Other organizations have established a variety of alternative definitions for their standard reference conditions.

In chemistry, IUPAC changed the definition of standard temperature and pressure in 1982:

STP should not be confused with the standard state commonly used in thermodynamic evaluations of the Gibbs energy of a reaction.

NIST uses a temperature of 20 °C (293.15 K, 68 °F) and an absolute pressure of 1 atm (14.696 psi, 101.325 kPa). This standard is also called normal temperature and pressure (abbreviated as NTP). However, a common temperature and pressure in use by NIST for thermodynamic experiments is 298.15 K (25°C, 77°F) and 1 bar (14.5038 psi, 100 kPa). NIST also uses "15 °C (60 °F)" for the temperature compensation of refined petroleum products, despite noting that these two values are not exactly consistent with each other.

The International Standard Metric Conditions for natural gas and similar fluids are 288.15 K (15.00 °C; 59.00 °F) and 101.325 kPa.

In industry and commerce, standard conditions for temperature and pressure are often necessary to define the standard reference conditions to express the volumes of gases and liquids and related quantities such as the rate of volumetric flow (the volumes of gases vary significantly with temperature and pressure): standard cubic meters per second (Sm3/s), and normal cubic meters per second (Nm3/s).

However, many technical publications (books, journals, advertisements for equipment and machinery) simply state "standard conditions" without specifying them; often substituting the term with older "normal conditions", or "NC". In special cases this can lead to confusion and errors. Good practice always incorporates the reference conditions of temperature and pressure. If not stated, some room environment conditions are supposed, close to 1 atm pressure, 293 K (20 °C), and 0% humidity.

INFO: Full form for IMBR is Immersed Membrane Bioreactor in Chemistry category
IMBR also has other full forms in other categories mentioned below.

INFO: Full form for ABCC is American Board of Clinical Chemistry in Chemistry category
ABCC also has other full forms in other categories mentioned below.

INFO: Full form for DPD is Dihydropyridimidine Dehydrogenase in Chemistry category
DPD also has other full forms in other categories mentioned below.

INFO: Full form for NICS is Nucleus Independent Chemical Shift in Chemistry category
NICS also has other full forms in other categories mentioned below.

INFO: Full form for PSSC is Progress In Solid State Chemistry in Chemistry category
PSSC also has other full forms in other categories mentioned below.

INFO: Full form for IEP is Iso-electric Point in Chemistry category
IEP also has other full forms in other categories mentioned below.

Lower flammability limit (LFL), usually expressed in volume per cent, is the lower end of the concentration range over which a flammable mixture of gas or vapour in air can be ignited at a given temperature and pressure. The flammability range is delineated by the upper and lower flammability limits. Outside this range of air/vapor mixtures, the mixture can not be ignited (unless the temperature and pressure are increased). The LFL decreases with increasing temperature; thus, a mixture that is below its LFL at a given temperature may be ignitable if heated sufficiently. For liquids, the LFL is typically close to the saturated vapor concentration at the flash point, however, due to differences in the liquid properties, the relationship of LFL to flash point (which is also dependent on the test apparatus) is not fixed and some spread in the data usually exists.

The L F L m i x {\displaystyle LFL_{mix}} of a mixture can be evaluated using the Le Chatelier mixing rule, if the L F L i {\displaystyle LFL_{i}} of the components i {\displaystyle i} are known:

L F L m i x = 1 ∑ x i L F L i {\displaystyle LFL_{mix}={\frac {1}{\sum {\frac {x_{i}}{LFL_{i}}}}}}

Where L F L m i x {\displaystyle LFL_{mix}} is the lower flammability of the mixture, L F L i {\displaystyle LFL_{i}}reference

INFO: Full form for NFI is Non Ferrous Impeller in Chemistry category
NFI also has other full forms in other categories mentioned below.

INFO: Full form for HEP is Half Equivalence Point in Chemistry category
HEP also has other full forms in other categories mentioned below.

INFO: Full form for HEP is Hetergeneous Element Processor in Chemistry category
HEP also has other full forms in other categories mentioned below.

INFO: Full form for CGMT is Carter-goddard-malrieu-trinquier in Chemistry category
CGMT also has other full forms in other categories mentioned below.

INFO: Full form for ACAT is Acyl Coa: Cholesterol Acyltransferase in Chemistry category
ACAT also has other full forms in other categories mentioned below.

INFO: Full form for DTPA is Diethylenetriaminepentaacetic Acid in Chemistry category
DTPA also has other full forms in other categories mentioned below.

INFO: Full form for EPD is End Point Dilution in Chemistry category
EPD also has other full forms in other categories mentioned below.

Enzyme potentiated desensitization (EPD), is a treatment for allergies developed in the 1960s by Dr. Leonard M. McEwen in the United Kingdom. EPD uses much lower doses of antigens than conventional desensitization treatment paired with the enzyme β-glucuronidase. EPD is approved in the United Kingdom for the treatment of hay fever, food allergy and intolerance and environmental allergies.

EPD was developed for the treatment of autoimmune disease by the United Kingdom company Epidyme which was owned by Dr. McEwen and had been granted a United Kingdom patent. Despite encouraging results in an experimental model of rheumatoid arthritis, the company was placed into liquidation in April 2010.

INFO: Full form for TMCL is Trace Metal Clean Laboratory in Chemistry category
TMCL also has other full forms in other categories mentioned below.

The University of Minnesota, Twin Cities (the U of M or Minnesota) is a public land-grant research university in the Twin Cities of Minneapolis and Saint Paul, Minnesota. The Twin Cities campus comprises locations in Minneapolis and Falcon Heights, a suburb of St. Paul, approximately 3 miles (4.8 km) apart. The Twin Cities campus is the oldest and largest in the University of Minnesota system and has the ninth-largest main campus student body in the United States, with 51,327 students in 2019–20. It is the flagship institution of the University of Minnesota System, and is organized into 19 colleges, schools, and other major academic units.

The Minnesota Territorial Legislature drafted a charter for the U of M as a territorial university in 1851, seven years before Minnesota became a state. Today, the university is classified among "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very high research activity". Minnesota is a member of the Association of American Universities and is ranked 17th in research activity, with $954 million in research and development expenditures in the fiscal year 2018. In 2001, the University of Minnesota was included in a list of Public Ivy universities, which includes publicly funded universities thought to provide a quality of education comparable to that of the Ivy League.

University of Minnesota faculty, alumni, and researchers have won 26 Nobel Prizes and three Pulitzer Prizes. Among its alumni, the university counts 25 Rhodes Scholars, seven Marshall Scholars, 20 Truman Scholars, and 127 Fulbright recipients. The university also has Guggenheim Fellowship, Carnegie Fellowship, and MacArthur Fellowship holders, as well as past and present graduates and faculty belonging to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Medicine, and National Academy of Engineering. Notable University of Minnesota alumni include two vice presidents of the United States, Hubert Humphrey and Walter Mondale, and Bob Dylan, who received the 2016 Nobel Prize in Literature.

The Minnesota Golden Gophers compete in 21 intercollegiate sports in the NCAA Division I Big Ten Conference and have won 29 national championships. As of 2021, Minnesota's current and former students have won a total of 76 Olympic medals.

INFO: Full form for TDPS is Di-tert-dodecyl Polysulfide in Chemistry category
TDPS also has other full forms in other categories mentioned below.

INFO: Full form for PCBM is Phenyle C-61 Butyric Acid Methyle Acid in Chemistry category
PCBM also has other full forms in other categories mentioned below.

INFO: Full form for PCBM is Phenyl C-61 Butyric Acid Methyl Ester in Chemistry category
PCBM also has other full forms in other categories mentioned below.

INFO: Full form for TERP is Thermal Effective Response Parameter in Chemistry category
TERP also has other full forms in other categories mentioned below.

INFO: Full form for DMBP is Dimethyl Benzophenone in Chemistry category
DMBP also has other full forms in other categories mentioned below.

INFO: Full form for DMBr is Decamethonium Bromide in Chemistry category
DMBr also has other full forms in other categories mentioned below.

INFO: Full form for HCD is Higher Collisional Dissociation in Chemistry category
HCD also has other full forms in other categories mentioned below.

INFO: Full form for HPPT is High Pressure Phase Transformation in Chemistry category
HPPT also has other full forms in other categories mentioned below.

INFO: Full form for EEEI is Effective Electron-electron Interaction in Chemistry category
EEEI also has other full forms in other categories mentioned below.

Graft polymers are segmented copolymers with a linear backbone of one composite and randomly distributed branches of another composite. The picture labeled "graft polymer" shows how grafted chains of species B are covalently bonded to polymer species A. Although the side chains are structurally distinct from the main chain, the individual grafted chains may be homopolymers or copolymers.Graft polymers have been synthesized for many decades and are especially used as impact resistant materials, thermoplastic elastomers, compatibilizers, or emulsifiers for the preparation of stable blends or alloys. One of the better-known examples of a graft polymer is high impact polystyrene, which consists of a polystyrene backbone with polybutadiene grafted chains.

INFO: Full form for ENM is Effective Neutralizing Material in Chemistry category
ENM also has other full forms in other categories mentioned below.

INFO: Full form for FPF is Fine Particle Fraction in Chemistry category
FPF also has other full forms in other categories mentioned below.

INFO: Full form for VIPER is Venom Immunochemistry Pharmacology and Emergency Response in Chemistry category
VIPER also has other full forms in other categories mentioned below.

The calculated carbon aromaticity index (CCAI) is an index of the ignition quality of residual fuel oil.

The running of all internal combustion engines is dependent on the ignition quality of the fuel. For spark-ignition engines the fuel has an octane rating. For diesel engines it depends on the type of fuel, for distillate fuels the cetane numbers are used. Cetane numbers are tested using a special test engine and the existing engine was not made for residual fuels. For residual fuel oil two other empirical indexes are used: CCAI and Calculated Ignition Index (CII). Both CCAI and CII are calculated from the density and kinematic viscosity of the fuel.

INFO: Full form for AFS is Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry in Chemistry category
AFS also has other full forms in other categories mentioned below.

The U.S. Army Edgewood Chemical Biological Center (ECBC) is the United States’s principal research and development resource for non-medical chemical and biological (CB) defense. As a critical national asset in the CB defense community, ECBC supports all phases of the acquisition life-cycle ― from basic and applied research through technology development, engineering design, equipment evaluation, product support, sustainment, field operations and demilitarization ― to address its customers’ unique requirements.

ECBC has full-time employees located at three different sites in the United States: Edgewood Area of Aberdeen Proving Ground (APG), Md., Pine Bluff, Arkansas, and Rock Island, Illinois. It is a research, development and engineering center (RDEC) under the U.S. Army Research, Development and Engineering Command (RDECOM).

INFO: Full form for EER is Equilibrium Exchange Rate in Chemistry category
EER also has other full forms in other categories mentioned below.

INFO: Full form for LCM is Loss Circulation Material in Chemistry category
LCM also has other full forms in other categories mentioned below.

INFO: Full form for REM is Relative Electrophoresis Mobility in Chemistry category
REM also has other full forms in other categories mentioned below.

INFO: Full form for TMS is Tetra-methylsilane in Chemistry category
TMS also has other full forms in other categories mentioned below.