Explore topic-wise fullforms in Computer and Networking

INFO: Full form for HFT is Hands Free Telephone in Computer and Networking category
HFT also has other full forms in other categories mentioned below.

The Government Open Systems Interconnection Profile (GOSIP) was a specification that profiled open networking products for procurement by governments in the late 1980s and early 1990s.

Network switching subsystem (NSS) (or GSM core network) is the component of a GSM system that carries out call out and mobility management functions for mobile phones roaming on the network of base stations. It is owned and deployed by mobile phone operators and allows mobile devices to communicate with each other and telephones in the wider public switched telephone network (PSTN). The architecture contains specific features and functions which are needed because the phones are not fixed in one location.

The NSS originally consisted of the circuit-switched core network, used for traditional GSM services such as voice calls, SMS, and circuit switched data calls. It was extended with an overlay architecture to provide packet-switched data services known as the GPRS core network. This allows mobile phones to have access to services such as WAP, MMS and the Internet.

INFO: Full form for HLTF is High Level Task Force in Computer and Networking category
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INFO: Full form for HHR is Half-Horizontal Resolution (352 by 480 or 576) in Computer and Networking category
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INFO: Full form for GOSS is Guide to Open Systems Specification in Computer and Networking category
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Hughes Network Systems, LLC is a wholly owned subsidiary of EchoStar. It is headquartered in Germantown, Maryland and provides a high-speed satellite internet service, HughesNet has over 1.3 million subscribers in the Americas.

INFO: Full form for FDAM is Final Draft AMendment in Computer and Networking category

A duplex communication system is a point-to-point system composed of two or more connected parties or devices that can communicate with one another in both directions. Duplex systems are employed in many communications networks, either to allow for simultaneous communication in both directions between two connected parties or to provide a reverse path for the monitoring and remote adjustment of equipment in the field. There are two types of duplex communication systems: full-duplex (FDX) and half-duplex (HDX).

In a full-duplex system, both parties can communicate with each other simultaneously. An example of a full-duplex device is plain old telephone service; the parties at both ends of a call can speak and be heard by the other party simultaneously. The earphone reproduces the speech of the remote party as the microphone transmits the speech of the local party. There is a two-way communication channel between them, or more strictly speaking, there are two communication channels between them.

In a half-duplex or semiduplex system, both parties can communicate with each other, but not simultaneously; the communication is one direction at a time. An example of a half-duplex device is a walkie-talkie, a two-way radio that has a push-to-talk button. When the local user wants to speak to the remote person, they push this button, which turns on the transmitter and turns off the receiver, preventing them from hearing the remote person while talking. To listen to the remote person, they release the button, which turns on the receiver and turns off the transmitter.

Systems that do not need duplex capability may instead use simplex communication, in which one device transmits and the others can only listen. Examples are broadcast radio and television, garage door openers, baby monitors, wireless microphones, and surveillance cameras. In these devices, the communication is only in one direction.

INFO: Full form for FE is Facilities Exchange in Computer and Networking category
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INFO: Full form for FE is Functional Entities in Computer and Networking category
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INFO: Full form for FAS is Frame Alignment Signal in Computer and Networking category
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INFO: Full form for FAS is Facility Associated Signaling in Computer and Networking category
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Frequency-shift keying (FSK) is a frequency modulation scheme in which digital information is transmitted through discrete frequency changes of a carrier signal. The technology is used for communication systems such as telemetry, weather balloon radiosondes, caller ID, garage door openers, and low frequency radio transmission in the VLF and ELF bands. The simplest FSK is binary FSK (BFSK). BFSK uses a pair of discrete frequencies to transmit binary (0s and 1s) information. With this scheme, the 1 is called the mark frequency and the 0 is called the space frequency.

INFO: Full form for eSTL is evolving STL in Computer and Networking category
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INFO: Full form for ETNO is European Telecom. Network Organization in Computer and Networking category
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INFO: Full form for E-TDMA is Extended Time Division Multiple Access in Computer and Networking category

INFO: Full form for ETIB is European Telecoms Intelligence Bulletin in Computer and Networking category

With the intent of forming a trans-Europe numbering plan as an option (or then future movement) for anyone needing multi-national European telephone presence, the ITU allocated country calling code +388 as a subdivided, catch-all container for such services. This was designated the European Telephony Numbering Space or ETNS.

Although some ETNS numbers were assigned, few phone companies supported connecting calls to ETNS.

Because of limited support, and the belief that the need for ETNS was superseded by URIs, ETNS was suspended in 2005 and abolished in 2008. All ETS numbers were cancelled by the beginning of 2010. The +388 code was scheduled to be reclaimed by the ITU at the end of 2010; as of late 2011 it was listed by ITU as "Group of countries, shared code".

See also list of country calling codes.

INFO: Full form for EOR/ERR is End of Retransmission/ Response for End of Retransmission in Computer and Networking category

INFO: Full form for EOS is End of Selection in Computer and Networking category
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INFO: Full form for EOS is End of Sequence in Computer and Networking category
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INFO: Full form for EOSBS is End of Sub-Bitstream in Computer and Networking category

INFO: Full form for EOS-PPS is End of Selection for selective polling applications in Computer and Networking category

Enhanced Observed Time Difference (E-OTD) is a standard for the location of mobile telephones. The location method works by multilateration. The standardisation was first carried out for GSM by the GSM standard committees (T1P1.5 and ETIS) in LCS Release 98 and Release 99. The standardisation was continued for 3G and WCDMA mobile telephones by 3GPP.

Conceptually, the method is similar to U-TDOA, however, it involves time difference measurements being made in the handset rather than the network, and a mechanism to pseudo-synchronise the network. The handset makes an observation of the time difference of arrival of signals from two different base stations. These observations are known as Observed Time Difference (OTD). The handset measures the OTD between a number of different base stations. If the base stations were synchronised, then a single OTD defines a hyperbolic locus. A second, independent OTD, for which one of the observed base stations is spatially distinct from those in the first OTD, would provide a second hyperbolic locus, and the intersection of the two loci gives an estimate of the location of the mobile. If more than two independent OTDs are available, then the measurements can be combined to yield a more accurate measurement.

However, GSM and 3G networks are not necessarily synchronised, so further information is needed. The E-OTD standard provides a method for pseudo-synchronisation. A Location Measurement Unit (LMU) can be used to estimate the transmission time offset between two base stations. This measurement is known as the Real Time Difference (RTD). The RTD for two base stations can then be subtracted from the OTD for the same two base stations to produce the Geometric Time Difference (GTD). The GTD is the time difference that would have been measured by the mobile if the network was perfectly synchronised. Accordingly, the application of the RTD provides a pseudo-synchronisation.

An LMU is a receiver that is placed in a position in the network that is able to report the RTDs of a number of different base stations. If the base station clocks are not synchronised to a common source, then it is necessary to continuously update the RTDs, as the time offsets will be changing due to the clock drift in each base station.

The deployment of LMUs can be expensive, and so is a drawback of E-OTD. However, a 2003 paper describes a method of operating E-OTD without LMUs, and presents results of an operational trial. In essence, if there are sufficient independent OTD measurements such that the equation system is over-determined, then the additional information can be used to estimate the RTDs.

E-OTD was considered for the Enhanced 911 mandate, but ultimately was not a successful contender for this application. An active proponent and developer of E-OTD was Cambridge Positioning Systems (CPS). In 2007, CPS was acquired by CSR. In 2009, CSR merged with SIRF.

Because E-OTD requires a software modification to be included in the mobile phone, E-OTD positioning system has been less commonly used than the U-TDOA positioning system.

The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is an independent executive agency of the United States federal government tasked with environmental protection matters. President Richard Nixon proposed the establishment of EPA on July 9, 1970; it began operation on December 2, 1970, after Nixon signed an executive order. The order establishing the EPA was ratified by committee hearings in the House and Senate. The agency is led by its administrator, who is appointed by the president and approved by the Senate. The current Administrator is Michael S. Regan. The EPA is not a Cabinet department, but the administrator is normally given cabinet rank.

The EPA has its headquarters in Washington, D.C., regional offices for each of the agency's ten regions, and 27 laboratories. The agency conducts environmental assessment, research, and education. It has the responsibility of maintaining and enforcing national standards under a variety of environmental laws, in consultation with state, tribal, and local governments. It delegates some permitting, monitoring, and enforcement responsibility to U.S. states and the federally recognized tribes. EPA enforcement powers include fines, sanctions, and other measures. The agency also works with industries and all levels of government in a wide variety of voluntary pollution prevention programs and energy conservation efforts.

In 2018, the agency had 13,758 employees. More than half of EPA's employees are engineers, scientists, and environmental protection specialists; other employees include legal, public affairs, financial, and information technologists.

Many public health and environmental groups advocate for the agency and believe that it is creating a better world. Other critics believe that the agency commits government overreach by adding unnecessary regulations on business and property owners.

INFO: Full form for EP-CN is ETSI Project Corporate Network in Computer and Networking category

INFO: Full form for EP-DTA is ETSI Project Digital Terminal Access in Computer and Networking category

INFO: Full form for EPL is Echo Path Loss in Computer and Networking category
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INFO: Full form for EP-EASI is ETSI Project-European ATM Services Interoperability in Computer and Networking category

INFO: Full form for EPHOS is European Procurement Handbook for Open Systems in Computer and Networking category

INFO: Full form for EPIIC is European Program on Information Infrastructure Committee in Computer and Networking category

INFO: Full form for EPIISG is European Project on Information Infrastructure Starter Group in Computer and Networking category

INFO: Full form for EPP is ETSI Partnership Projects in Computer and Networking category
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INFO: Full form for EREC is Error Resilient Entropy Code/Error Robust Entropy Code in Computer and Networking category
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DIGITALEUROPE is the European organisation that represents the digital technology industry whose members include 61 major technology companies and 37 national trade associations. It seeks to ensure industry participation in the development and implementation of EU policies" and has several working groups that focus on different aspects of policy—environment, trade, technical and regulatory and the digital economy. Based in Brussels, Belgium, DIGITALEUROPE represents over 10,000 companies with a combined annual revenue of over €3 trillion.

INFO: Full form for ERF is Emergency Related Forwarding in Computer and Networking category
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INFO: Full form for EIAJ is EIA Japan in Computer and Networking category
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INFO: Full form for EICAS is Engine Indicating and Condition Advisory System in Computer and Networking category
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INFO: Full form for ELCP is Emulated Loop Control Protocol (ATMF, ETSI) in Computer and Networking category
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INFO: Full form for eifax is extended internet fax in Computer and Networking category

INFO: Full form for EII is European Information Infrastructure in Computer and Networking category
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INFO: Full form for ELFEXT is Equal Level Far-End Crosstalk in Computer and Networking category

INFO: Full form for EIRP is Effective Isotropic Radiated Power in Computer and Networking category
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INFO: Full form for ELAWG is EMC Laboratories Accreditation Working Group in Computer and Networking category

INFO: Full form for EMC is ElectroMagnetic Compatibility in Computer and Networking category
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INFO: Full form for EMCS is ElectroMagnetic Compatibility Society in Computer and Networking category
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INFO: Full form for and is the IC/IXC/IEC) in Computer and Networking category
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A cable modem is a type of network bridge that provides bi-directional data communication via radio frequency channels on a hybrid fibre-coaxial (HFC), radio frequency over glass (RFoG) and coaxial cable infrastructure. Cable modems are primarily used to deliver broadband Internet access in the form of cable Internet, taking advantage of the high bandwidth of a HFC and RFoG network. They are commonly deployed in the Americas, Asia, Australia, and Europe.

INFO: Full form for ENP is Extended Negotiation Procedure in Computer and Networking category
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