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Monolithic microwave integrated circuit, or MMIC (sometimes pronounced "mimic"), is a type of integrated circuit (IC) device that operates at microwave frequencies (300 MHz to 300 GHz). These devices typically perform functions such as microwave mixing, power amplification, low-noise amplification, and high-frequency switching. Inputs and outputs on MMIC devices are frequently matched to a characteristic impedance of 50 ohms. This makes them easier to use, as cascading of MMICs does not then require an external matching network. Additionally, most microwave test equipment is designed to operate in a 50-ohm environment.

MMICs are dimensionally small (from around 1 mm² to 10 mm²) and can be mass-produced, which has allowed the proliferation of high-frequency devices such as cellular phones. MMICs were originally fabricated using gallium arsenide (GaAs), a III-V compound semiconductor. It has two fundamental advantages over silicon (Si), the traditional material for IC realisation: device (transistor) speed and a semi-insulating substrate. Both factors help with the design of high-frequency circuit functions. However, the speed of Si-based technologies has gradually increased as transistor feature sizes have reduced, and MMICs can now also be fabricated in Si technology. The primary advantage of Si technology is its lower fabrication cost compared with GaAs. Silicon wafer diameters are larger (typically 8" to 12" compared with 4" to 8" for GaAs) and the wafer costs are lower, contributing to a less expensive IC.

Originally, MMICs used metal-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MESFETs) as the active device. More recently high-electron-mobility transistor (HEMTs), pseudomorphic HEMTs and heterojunction bipolar transistors have become common.

Other III-V technologies, such as indium phosphide (InP), have been shown to offer superior performance to GaAs in terms of gain, higher cutoff frequency, and low noise. However, they also tend to be more expensive due to smaller wafer sizes and increased material fragility.

Silicon germanium (SiGe) is a Si-based compound semiconductor technology offering higher-speed transistors than conventional Si devices but with similar cost advantages.

Gallium nitride (GaN) is also an option for MMICs. Because GaN transistors can operate at much higher temperatures and work at much higher voltages than GaAs transistors, they make ideal power amplifiers at microwave frequencies.

INFO: Full form for PDCU is Pulse Duration Control Unit in Electronics category
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INFO: Full form for PDCU is Portable Data Capture Unit in Electronics category
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INFO: Full form for TECN is Temporary Engineering Change Notice in Electronics category
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INFO: Full form for MCBA is Mean Cycles Between Assists in Electronics category
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INFO: Full form for ETPC is Electrolytic Tough-pitch Copper in Electronics category
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INFO: Full form for ISBD is Inter-sub-band Detector in Electronics category
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INFO: Full form for OSDH is Optical Shubnikhov-dehaas Effect in Electronics category
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INFO: Full form for EESE is Electronic Electrical and Systems Engineering in Electronics category
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INFO: Full form for OPCI is Out of Parameter Circuit Interrupters in Electronics category
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INFO: Full form for ZK is Zener Knee in Electronics category
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INFO: Full form for UAZ is Ultrasonically Assisted Z-fiber Insertion in Electronics category
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INFO: Full form for IBAE is Ion Beam Assisted Etching in Electronics category
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INFO: Full form for ZPD is Zero Path Difference in Electronics category
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INFO: Full form for ZPD is Zener Planar Diode in Electronics category
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INFO: Full form for ZVS is Zero-voltage Switching in Electronics category
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INFO: Full form for FETM is Future Electronics Technology Mixer in Electronics category
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INFO: Full form for EMAD is Externally Mounted Adjustable Damping in Electronics category
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INFO: Full form for HGF is Horizontal Gradient Freeze in Electronics category
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INFO: Full form for TZV is Tetra-zolium Violet in Electronics category
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INFO: Full form for JBCG is Junction Box, Current Relay, Ground Fault Protection in Electronics category
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INFO: Full form for YE is Yellow Edge in Electronics category
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INFO: Full form for RXV is Receiver Video in Electronics category
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INFO: Full form for BLAD is Basic Layout and Design in Electronics category
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INFO: Full form for D/I is Develop/ Inspect in Electronics category
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Monaural or monophonic sound reproduction (often shortened to mono) is sound intended to be heard as if it were emanating from one position. This contrasts with stereophonic sound or stereo, which uses two separate audio channels to reproduce sound from two microphones on the right and left side, which is reproduced with two separate loudspeakers to give a sense of the direction of sound sources. In mono, only one loudspeaker is necessary, but, when played through multiple loudspeakers or headphones, identical signals are fed to each speaker, resulting in the perception of one-channel sound "imaging" in one sonic space between the speakers (provided that the speakers are set up in a proper symmetrical critical-listening placement). Monaural recordings, like stereo ones, typically use multiple microphones fed into multiple channels on a recording console, but each channel is "panned" to the center. In the final stage, the various center-panned signal paths are usually mixed down to two identical tracks, which, because they are identical, are perceived upon playback as representing a single unified signal at a single place in the soundstage. In some cases, multitrack sources are mixed to a one-track tape, thus becoming one signal. In the mastering stage, particularly in the days of mono records, the one- or two-track mono master tape was then transferred to a one-track lathe used to produce a master disc intended to be used in the pressing of a monophonic record. Today, however, monaural recordings are usually mastered to be played on stereo and multi-track formats, yet retain their center-panned mono soundstage characteristics.

Monaural sound has largely been replaced by stereo sound in most entertainment applications, but remains the standard for radiotelephone communications, telephone networks, and audio induction loops for use with hearing aids. FM radio stations broadcast in stereo, while most AM radio stations broadcast in mono. (Although an AM stereo broadcast standard exists, few AM stations are equipped to use it.) A few FM stations—notably talk-radio stations—choose to broadcast in monaural because of the slight advantage in signal strength and bandwidth the standard affords over a stereophonic signal of the same power.

INFO: Full form for CAT is Certified Alarm Technician in Electronics category
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INFO: Full form for DERD is Dielectric Resistivity Measured Down in Electronics category
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Quality function deployment (QFD) is a method developed in Japan beginning in 1966 to help transform the voice of the customer into engineering characteristics for a product. Yoji Akao, the original developer, described QFD as a "method to transform qualitative user demands into quantitative parameters, to deploy the functions forming quality, and to deploy methods for achieving the design quality into subsystems and component parts, and ultimately to specific elements of the manufacturing process." The author combined his work in quality assurance and quality control points with function deployment used in value engineering.

INFO: Full form for XM is Xonic Modular in Electronics category
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INFO: Full form for CID is Charge-injection Device in Electronics category
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INFO: Full form for FBAC is Flatness-based Adaptive Control in Electronics category
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INFO: Full form for LLR is Large Lattice Relaxation in Electronics category
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INFO: Full form for NHE is Normal Hydrogen Electrode in Electronics category
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INFO: Full form for HCRU is High Current Relay Unit in Electronics category
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INFO: Full form for VERP is Variable Envelope Return Path in Electronics category
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INFO: Full form for TCAD is Technology Computer Aided Design in Electronics category
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INFO: Full form for IPVD is Interior Physical Vapor Deposition in Electronics category
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INFO: Full form for ELSI is Extra Large Scale Integration in Electronics category
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INFO: Full form for SEBI is Sheet Electron Beam Irradiation in Electronics category
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INFO: Full form for CAG is Competitive Analysis Group in Electronics category
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The Department of Electronics and Accreditation of Computer Courses (DOEACC) (Presently National Institute of Electronics and Information Technology - NIELIT) is an autonomous scientific society under the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology, Government of India and is involved in training, consulting, product development, entrepreneurship and human resource development in information, electronics & communication technologies. It is based in New Delhi with a network of centers on the globe. The DOEACC Society was created by the Department of Electronics to implement a scheme of the AICTE (All India Council of Technical Education), with a view to harness the resources available in the private sector for training in the Computers, with a view to meet the increasing requirement of the trained manpower. In December 2002,other Societies of the Department of Information Technology, (Dept. of Electronics was renamed as Dept. of Information Technology) like CEDT Aurangabad, CEDT Calicut, CEDT Jammu/Srinagar, CEDT Tezpur/Guwahati, CEDT Imphal, CEDT Aizawl, CEDT Gorakhpur, RCC Chandigarh, RCC Kolkata were merged into the DOEACC Society. The acronym CEDT stands for Centre for Electronic Design and Technology and RCC stands for Regional Computer Centre.DOEACC Society is now National Institute of Electronics and Information Technology

INFO: Full form for DOEACC is Department of Electronics Accreditation for Computer Courses in Electronics category
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INFO: Full form for DOEACC is Department of Electronics Accreditation of Computer Courses in Electronics category
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INFO: Full form for SAMEER is Society for Applied Microwave Electronics Engineering and Research in Electronics category
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INFO: Full form for CERT is Comprehensive Error Rate Testing in Electronics category
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INFO: Full form for VITC is Vertical Interval Time Code in Electronics category
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INFO: Full form for VSU is Voltage Source Unit in Electronics category
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INFO: Full form for VTU is Video Timing Unit in Electronics category
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INFO: Full form for AU is Atomic Units in Electronics category
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