Explore topic-wise fullforms in Electronics

INFO: Full form for VA is Vibration Analyzer in Electronics category
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INFO: Full form for TCE is Temperature Coefficient of Expansion in Electronics category
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INFO: Full form for PTR is Parabolic Trough Receiver in Electronics category
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In physics, attenuation or, in some contexts, extinction is the gradual loss of flux intensity through a medium. For instance, dark glasses attenuate sunlight, lead attenuates X-rays, and water and air attenuate both light and sound at variable attenuation rates.

Hearing protectors help reduce acoustic flux from flowing into the ears. This phenomenon is called acoustic attenuation and is measured in decibels (dBs).

In electrical engineering and telecommunications, attenuation affects the propagation of waves and signals in electrical circuits, in optical fibers, and in air. Electrical attenuators and optical attenuators are commonly manufactured components in this field.

Attenuation is the gradual loss in intensity of any kind of flux through a medium, including:

Attenuation (or verb attenuate) may also refer to:

INFO: Full form for FTA is Full Test Approval in Electronics category
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Fault tree analysis (FTA) is a top-down, deductive failure analysis in which an undesired state of a system is analyzed using Boolean logic to combine a series of lower-level events. This analysis method is mainly used in safety engineering and reliability engineering to understand how systems can fail, to identify the best ways to reduce risk and to determine (or get a feeling for) event rates of a safety accident or a particular system level (functional) failure. FTA is used in the aerospace, nuclear power, chemical and process, pharmaceutical, petrochemical and other high-hazard industries; but is also used in fields as diverse as risk factor identification relating to social service system failure. FTA is also used in software engineering for debugging purposes and is closely related to cause-elimination technique used to detect bugs.

In aerospace, the more general term "system failure condition" is used for the "undesired state" / top event of the fault tree. These conditions are classified by the severity of their effects. The most severe conditions require the most extensive fault tree analysis. These system failure conditions and their classification are often previously determined in the functional hazard analysis.

INFO: Full form for GET is Getter (vacuum Tube) in Electronics category
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INFO: Full form for RIT is Receiver Incremental Tuning in Electronics category
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INFO: Full form for RCT is Reference Cluster Tool in Electronics category
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INFO: Full form for Ito is Transient Outward Current in Electronics category
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INFO: Full form for STAR is Simultaneous Transmitted and Reflected in Electronics category
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INFO: Full form for ALE is Application Logic Element in Electronics category
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INFO: Full form for ALE is Atomic Layer Epitaxy in Electronics category
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INFO: Full form for IPT is Ideal Process Time in Electronics category
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INFO: Full form for IPT is Internal Power Transmission in Electronics category
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INFO: Full form for DTL is Direct-to-line in Electronics category
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INFO: Full form for DTL is Diode Transistor Logic in Electronics category
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In electronics, an avalanche diode is a diode (made from silicon or other semiconductor) that is designed to experience avalanche breakdown at a specified reverse bias voltage. The junction of an avalanche diode is designed to prevent current concentration and resulting hot spots, so that the diode is undamaged by the breakdown. The avalanche breakdown is due to minority carriers accelerated enough to create ionization in the crystal lattice, producing more carriers which in turn create more ionization. Because the avalanche breakdown is uniform across the whole junction, the breakdown voltage is nearly constant with changing current when compared to a non-avalanche diode.

The Zener diode exhibits an apparently similar effect in addition to Zener breakdown. Both effects are present in any such diode, but one usually dominates the other. Avalanche diodes are optimized for avalanche effect so they exhibit small but significant voltage drop under breakdown conditions, unlike Zener diodes that always maintain a voltage higher than breakdown. This feature provides better surge protection than a simple Zener diode and acts more like a gas discharge tube replacement. Avalanche diodes have a small positive temperature coefficient of voltage, where diodes relying on the Zener effect have a negative temperature coefficient.