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INFO: Full form for WHR is Waste Heat Recovery in Governmental category
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INFO: Full form for WHR is Weekly Hours in Governmental category
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INFO: Full form for IERB is Institution Ethics Review Board in Governmental category
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INFO: Full form for SUPC is Shanghai Urban Planning Committee in Governmental category
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INFO: Full form for CGEP is Center for Global Ethics and Politics in Governmental category
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INFO: Full form for CGEP is Center for Global Environmental Policy in Governmental category
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The Center on Global Energy Policy is a research center located within the School of International and Public Affairs at Columbia University. The center's director is Jason Bordoff, and it features senior research scholars such as Richard Nephew and Varun Sivaram, as well as visiting fellows and adjunct senior research scholars such as Cheryl LaFleur and Richard Kauffman. The center's stated mission is to "advance smart, actionable and evidence-based energy and climate solutions through research, education and dialogue".

INFO: Full form for AFSA is Anti-Freeze Safety Act in Governmental category
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The National Security Agency (NSA) is a national-level intelligence agency of the United States Department of Defense, under the authority of the Director of National Intelligence (DNI). The NSA is responsible for global monitoring, collection, and processing of information and data for foreign and domestic intelligence and counterintelligence purposes, specializing in a discipline known as signals intelligence (SIGINT). The NSA is also tasked with the protection of U.S. communications networks and information systems. The NSA relies on a variety of measures to accomplish its mission, the majority of which are clandestine. The existence of the NSA was not revealed until 1975.

Originating as a unit to decipher coded communications in World War II, it was officially formed as the NSA by President Harry S. Truman in 1952. Between then and the end of the Cold War, it became the largest of the U.S. intelligence organizations in terms of personnel and budget, but information available as of 2013 indicates that the CIA pulled ahead in this regard, with a budget of $14.7 billion. The NSA currently conducts worldwide mass data collection and has been known to physically bug electronic systems as one method to this end. The NSA is also alleged to have been behind such attack software as Stuxnet, which severely damaged Iran's nuclear program. The NSA, alongside the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), maintains a physical presence in many countries across the globe; the CIA/NSA joint Special Collection Service (a highly classified intelligence team) inserts eavesdropping devices in high value targets (such as presidential palaces or embassies). SCS collection tactics allegedly encompass "close surveillance, burglary, wiretapping, [and] breaking and entering".

Unlike the CIA and the Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA), both of which specialize primarily in foreign human espionage, the NSA does not publicly conduct human-source intelligence gathering. The NSA is entrusted with providing assistance to, and the coordination of, SIGINT elements for other government organizations – which are prevented by law from engaging in such activities on their own. As part of these responsibilities, the agency has a co-located organization called the Central Security Service (CSS), which facilitates cooperation between the NSA and other U.S. defense cryptanalysis components. To further ensure streamlined communication between the signals intelligence community divisions, the NSA Director simultaneously serves as the Commander of the United States Cyber Command and as Chief of the Central Security Service.

The NSA's actions have been a matter of political controversy on several occasions, including its spying on anti–Vietnam War leaders and the agency's participation in economic espionage. In 2013, the NSA had many of its secret surveillance programs revealed to the public by Edward Snowden, a former NSA contractor. According to the leaked documents, the NSA intercepts and stores the communications of over a billion people worldwide, including United States citizens. The documents also revealed the NSA tracks hundreds of millions of people's movements using cellphones' metadata. Internationally, research has pointed to the NSA's ability to surveil the domestic Internet traffic of foreign countries through "boomerang routing".

The American Federation of School Administrators (AFSA) represents public school principals, vice principals, administrators, and supervisors in the United States. The trade union is affiliated with the AFL–CIO.

The union was established by the Council of Supervisory Associations, a local union representing principals and other supervisors in the New York City Department of Education. Rather than becoming a directly affiliated local union, the AFL–CIO chartered the organization as the School Administrators and Supervisors Organizing Committee.

Because the Taft–Hartley Act does not recognize supervisors as union-eligible under federal law, AFSA only negotiates collective bargaining agreements in states where local labor rules permit them. In most areas, the organization functions as a professional association rather than a traditional union. A majority of the union's membership remains in New York City, however.

The organization publishes The AFSA Administrator and presents the Distinguished Leadership Award to highlight member achievements.

INFO: Full form for AFSA is Air Force Safety Agency in Governmental category
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INFO: Full form for GADA is Generic Animal Drug Alliance in Governmental category
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AFS Intercultural Programs (or AFS, originally the American Field Service) is an international youth exchange organization. It consists of over 50 independent, not-for-profit organizations, each with its own network of volunteers, professionally staffed offices, volunteer board of directors and website. In 2015, 12,578 students traveled abroad on an AFS cultural exchange program, between 99 countries. The U.S.-based partner, AFS-USA, sends more than 1,100 U.S. students abroad and places international students with more than 2,300 U.S. families each year. More than 424,000 people have gone abroad with AFS and over 100,000 former AFS students live in the U.S.

The Auxiliary Fire Service (AFS) was first formed in 1938 in Great Britain as part of the Civil Defence Service. Its role was to supplement the work of brigades at local level. In this job it was hampered severely by the incompatibility of equipment used by these different brigades – most importantly the lack of a standard size of hydrant valve. The Auxiliary Fire Service and the local brigades were superseded in August 1941 by the National Fire Service. After the war the AFS was reformed alongside the Civil Defence Corps, forming part of the UK's planned emergency response to a nuclear attack. It was disbanded in the UK in 1968.

Members of the AFS were unpaid part-time volunteers, but could be called up for whole-time paid service if necessary. This was very similar to the wartime establishment of the police Special Constabulary. Men and women could join, the latter mainly in an administrative role. A first-hand account of the type of work they undertook is given by A S Bullock in Gloucestershire Between the Wars: A Memoir.

INFO: Full form for AFS is Agency Fleet or Subfleet in Governmental category
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INFO: Full form for AFS is Advanced Frontline System in Governmental category
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INFO: Full form for IERB is Immigration Enforcement Review Board in Governmental category
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INFO: Full form for IERB is Indoor Environmental Remediation Board in Governmental category
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INFO: Full form for IERC is International Energy Research Centre in Governmental category
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INFO: Full form for IERC is Illinois Education Research Council in Governmental category
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INFO: Full form for IERA is Idaho Energy Resources Authority in Governmental category
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INFO: Full form for ASTP is Advance Satellite Technology Program in Governmental category
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The Army Specialized Training Program (ASTP) was a military training program instituted by the United States Army during World War II to meet wartime demands both for junior officers and soldiers with technical skills. Conducted at 227 American universities, it offered training in such fields as engineering, foreign languages, and medicine.

The ASTP differed from the V-12 Navy College Training Program in producing technically trained personnel rather than officers as its primary goal, though recruits were told that they had the opportunity to become officers upon completion. The program was approved in September 1942 and implemented in December of that year.

The Advanced Space Transportation Program (ASTP) is a NASA program to intentionally advance current space transportation system technologies, and innovate novel technologies, through intense research efforts that are intended to culminate in regularizing the outer space environment decades from now. The intense efforts aim to accelerate scientific and technological breakthroughs.

INFO: Full form for IERG is Indigenous Employment Reference Group in Governmental category
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INFO: Full form for IERG is Illinois Environmental Regulatory Group in Governmental category
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INFO: Full form for IERI is International Electronics Recyclers Institute in Governmental category
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INFO: Full form for IERI is Interagency Education Research Initiative in Governmental category
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INFO: Full form for WHRC is Washington Horse Racing Commission in Governmental category
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INFO: Full form for CNRS is Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France) in Governmental category
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INFO: Full form for EPCI is Engineering, Procurement, Construction, and Installation in Governmental category
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INFO: Full form for EPCI is Environmental Paper Company Index in Governmental category
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INFO: Full form for HEF is High Energy Focus in Governmental category
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INFO: Full form for HEF is High Energy Fuel in Governmental category
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INFO: Full form for HEF is Hi Energy Fish in Governmental category
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INFO: Full form for HEF is Human Energy Field in Governmental category
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INFO: Full form for HEF is Human Energy Fields in Governmental category
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INFO: Full form for FEPAC is Federación Panamericana de Consultores (Spanish: American Federation of Consultants) in Governmental category
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The Supreme Court of the United States (SCOTUS) is the highest court in the federal judiciary of the United States of America. It has ultimate and largely discretionary appellate jurisdiction over all federal and state court cases that involve a point of federal law, and original jurisdiction over a narrow range of cases, specifically "all Cases affecting Ambassadors, other public Ministers and Consuls, and those in which a State shall be Party." The Court holds the power of judicial review, the ability to invalidate a statute for violating a provision of the Constitution. It is also able to strike down presidential directives for violating either the Constitution or statutory law. However, it may act only within the context of a case in an area of law over which it has jurisdiction. The Court may decide cases having political overtones but has ruled that it does not have power to decide non-justiciable political questions.

Established by Article Three of the United States Constitution, the composition and procedures of the Supreme Court were initially established by the 1st Congress through the Judiciary Act of 1789. As later set by the Judiciary Act of 1869, the Court consists of the Chief Justice of the United States and eight associate justices. Each justice has lifetime tenure, meaning they remain on the Court until they resign, retire, die, or are removed from office. When a vacancy occurs, the president, with the advice and consent of the Senate, appoints a new justice. Each justice has a single vote in deciding the cases argued before the Court. When in majority, the chief justice decides who writes the opinion of the court; otherwise, the most senior justice in the majority assigns the task of writing the opinion.

The Court meets in the Supreme Court Building in Washington, D.C. Its law enforcement arm is the Supreme Court Police.

INFO: Full form for USSC is United States Society And Citizenship in Governmental category
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INFO: Full form for WGOS is War Gaming Operations Section in Governmental category
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INFO: Full form for USSC is United States Signal Corps in Governmental category
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The Utah Seismic Safety Commission (USSC) is a legislatively created independent advisory board that tends to seismic-hazard issues in Utah, United States. The Utah legislature created the 15-member commission in 1994 to supersede the Utah Earthquake Advisory Board and to act as a medium “for state and local governments, the private sector, and the public to advance earthquake-related issues by developing, researching, and recommending seismic policies and approaches aimed at reducing Utah's earthquake hazards and managing Utah's earthquake risk.”

The commission's mission statement is to “improve earthquake safety in Utah—to save lives, prevent injuries, protect property and the environment, and reduce social and economic disruption from earthquakes.” The commission's volunteer members consist of leaders from various Utah governmental agencies and professional organizations and include a member from both the Utah House of Representatives and Senate. Key supporters of the commission include the Utah Department of Public Safety’s Division of Emergency Management, the Utah Geological Survey, the University of Utah Seismograph Stations, and the Structural Engineers Association of Utah.

The United States Sentencing Commission is an independent agency of the judicial branch of the U.S. federal government. It is responsible for articulating the sentencing guidelines for the federal courts. The Commission promulgates the Federal Sentencing Guidelines, which replaced the prior system of indeterminate sentencing that allowed trial judges to give sentences ranging from probation to the maximum statutory punishment for the offense. It is headquartered in Washington, D.C.

The commission was created by the Sentencing Reform Act provisions of the Comprehensive Crime Control Act of 1984. The constitutionality of the commission was challenged as a congressional encroachment on the power of the executive but upheld by the Supreme Court in Mistretta v. United States, 488 U.S. 361 (1989).

The U.S. Sentencing Commission was established by Congress as a permanent, independent agency within the judicial branch. The seven members of the Commission are appointed by the President and confirmed by the Senate, for a term of six years. Commission members may be reappointed to one additional term, also with the advice and consent of the Senate. Three of the members must be federal judges, and no more than four may belong to the same political party. The Attorney General or his designee and the chair of the United States Parole Commission sit as ex officio, non-voting members of the Commission.

INFO: Full form for ESSSA is Employment and Skills Strategies in Southeast Asia in Governmental category
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INFO: Full form for ESSSA is Shore Patrolman Seaman Apprentice in Governmental category
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The Federal Department of Economic Affairs, Education and Research (EAER, German: Eidgenössisches Departement für Wirtschaft, Bildung und Forschung; French: Département fédéral de l'économie, de la formation et de la recherche; Italian: Dipartimento federale dell'economia, della formazione e della ricerca) is one of the seven departments of the federal government of Switzerland, headed by a Member of the Swiss Federal Council.

The department was renamed from Federal Department of Economic Affairs (FDEA) effective on 1 January 2013 based on decisions taken by the Federal Council in 2011.

INFO: Full form for CHAV is Council House And Violent in Governmental category
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INFO: Full form for CHAV is Council House Average Vermin in Governmental category
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INFO: Full form for CHAV is Council Housed An Violent in Governmental category
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