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INFO: Full form for BHW is Behavioral Health Works in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for DHU is Derbyshire Health United in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for BHW is Brigham & Women’s Hospital in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for AVTD is Acne Vulgaris Treatment Device in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for PGSO is Pharmacology Graduate Student Organization in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for PQP is Physician Quality Partners in Medical category
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The College of Optometrists in Vision Development (COVD) consists of optometrists, vision therapists, and other vision specialists.

Optometry & Vision Development is an official COVD peer reviewed publication. It is published four times a year and is an open access international journal that is available both online and in hard copy.

INFO: Full form for CRAB is Cancer Research And Biostatistics in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for AMAB is American Medical Autism Board in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for AMAB is Assigned Male At Birth in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for FPTI is Florida Proton Therapy Institute in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for AFAP is Actin Filament Associated Protein in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for AFAP is Attenuated Familial Adenomatous Polyposis in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for AFTC is Apparent Free Testosterone Concentration in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for AFTC is Alaska Frozen Tissue Collection in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for DAAS is Dietary Analysis and Advice System in Medical category
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Field Epidemiology is the application of epidemiologic methods to unexpected health problems when a rapid on-site investigation is necessary for timely intervention. A more expansive definition is: The practice of Epidemiology in the field. Work is done in communities often as a public health service and as part of government or a closely allied institution. Field epidemiology is how epidemics and outbreaks are investigated, and is used to implement measures to protect and improve the health of the public. Field epidemiologists must deal with unexpected, sometimes urgent problems that demand immediate solution. Its methods are designed to answer specific epidemiologic questions in order to plan, implement, and/or evaluate public health interventions. These studies consider the needs of those who will use the results. The task of a field epidemiologist is not complete until the results of a study have been clearly communicated in a timely manner to those who need to know, and an intervention made to improve the health of the people.

Field Epidemiology Training Programs (FETPs) are two-year applied public health training programs modeled after the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) Epidemic Intelligence Service (EIS). FETPs are established within host country ministries of health to enhance the epidemiologic capacity of the public health workforce and increase the use of science and data to appropriately respond to public health threats. By developing the skills of the workers and reinforcing the health systems in which they work, FETPs also help countries to meet their core capacity requirements for surveillance and response under the revised International Health Regulations (IHR, 2005).

The guiding principle of the FETP training model is “learning through doing,” a concept that is analogous to a medical residency (in which physicians acquire on-the-job experience by learning and practicing the necessary skills to become capable clinicians); many FETP programs are however open to a wide range of health professional backgrounds, not only physicians. FETP trainees, or “residents,” spend approximately 25 percent of their time in the classroom, learning the principles of epidemiology, disease surveillance, outbreak investigation, and biostatistics. The other 75 percent of their time is spent in field placements, where residents "learn by doing," by participating in outbreak investigations, helping to establish and evaluate disease surveillance systems, designing and conducting studies on problems of public health concern in their country, and training other healthcare workers. Field work is typically conducted under the supervision and guidance of an experienced mentor.

FETP residents have been involved in initiatives to prevent and control infectious diseases of global health importance, including polio, cholera, tuberculosis, HIV, malaria, and emerging infectious diseases of animal origin (e.g., SARS, Nipah virus, and avian influenza). Many residents have also worked to reduce the burden of non-communicable diseases, such as heart disease, cancer, and diabetes, or environmental or occupational health problems.

Since launching the Epidemic Intelligence Service by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in 1951, the development of field epidemiology has been promoted internationally and globally. The first FETP outside of the United States was established by Canada in 1975. In 1980, the government of Thailand requested CDC’s assistance to establish its own program, with funding initially contributed by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). Since then, CDC has helped to establish FETPs in 41 countries worldwide, which have produced more than 2,500 graduates from 61 countries. Over 80% of residents stay in their home countries, and many become leaders within their public health system.

INFO: Full form for FEV is Forced Expectorant Volume in Medical category
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Spirometry (meaning the measuring of breath) is the most common of the pulmonary function tests (PFTs). It measures lung function, specifically the amount (volume) and/or speed (flow) of air that can be inhaled and exhaled. Spirometry is helpful in assessing breathing patterns that identify conditions such as asthma, pulmonary fibrosis, cystic fibrosis, and COPD. It is also helpful as part of a system of health surveillance, in which breathing patterns are measured over time.

Spirometry generates pneumotachographs, which are charts that plot the volume and flow of air coming in and out of the lungs from one inhalation and one exhalation.

INFO: Full form for EISQ is Enzymatic Indicators Of Salt Quality in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for VEC is Virus Epidemiology and Control in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for VEC is Viral Epidemiology and Control in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for VEC is Vaccine Education Center in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for AGTI is Appalachian Gestalt Therapy Institute in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for PWC is Physical Work Capacity in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for PWC is Person With Cfs in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for YBTC is Yale Brain Tumor Center in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for DCAD is Dynamic Coalition on Accessibility and Disability in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for CRAD is Cancer Registrars Association of the Dakotas in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for PEV is Prokaryotes, Eukaryotes, & Viruses in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for EOSL is Electro Optical Systems Laboratory in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for ARAM is Abdur Razzaque Ansari Memorial in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for plat is tissue plaminogen activator in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for PLAT is Pediatric Leukemia Adoptive Therapy in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for PISL is Psychiatric Individualized Supported Living in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for CRTU is Clinical Research Trials Units in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for VIVA is Veterinary Information Verifying Agency in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for UHE is Utah Healthcare Executives in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for UHE is University Hospital East in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for PVCR is Patient Voice in Cancer Research in Medical category
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An analgesic or painkiller is any member of the group of drugs used to achieve analgesia, relief from pain. They are distinct from anesthetics, which temporarily affect, and in some instances eliminate, sensation.

Analgesic choice is also determined by the type of pain: For neuropathic pain, traditional analgesics are less effective, and there is often benefit from classes of drugs that are not normally considered analgesics, such as tricyclic antidepressants and anticonvulsants.

INFO: Full form for ZHS is Zumbrota Health Services in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for PUPI is Pressure Ulcer Prevention Initiative in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for PUP is Physicians United Plan in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for EIC is Emergency Index Card in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for WS is Working Samoyed in Medical category
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Waardenburg syndrome is a group of rare genetic conditions characterised by at least some degree of congenital hearing loss and pigmentation deficiencies, which can include bright blue eyes (or one blue eye and one brown eye), a white forelock, or patches of light skin. These basic features constitute type 2 of the condition; in type 1, a wider gap occurs between the inner corners of the eyes called telecanthus, or dystopia canthorum. In type 3, which is rare, the arms and hands are also malformed, with permanent finger contractures or fused fingers, while in type 4, the person also has Hirschsprung's disease. Also, at least two types (2E and PCWH) can result in central nervous system (CNS) symptoms such as developmental delay and muscle tone abnormalities.

The syndrome is caused by mutations in any of several genes that affect the division and migration of neural crest cells during embryonic development (though some of the genes involved also affect the neural tube). Neural crest cells are stem cells left over after the closing of the neural tube that go on to form diverse non-CNS cells in different parts of the body, including melanocytes, various bones, and cartilage of the face and inner ear and the peripheral nerves of the intestines. Type 1 is caused by a mutation in the PAX3 gene, while the gene that most often causes type 2 when mutated is MITF. Type 3 is a more severe presentation of type 1 and is caused by a mutation in the same gene, while type 4 is most often caused by a mutation in SOX10. Mutations in other genes can also cause the different types, and some of these have been given their own lettered subtypes. Most types are autosomal dominant.

The estimated prevalence of Waardenburg syndrome is one in 42,000. Types 1 and 2 are more common, comprising approximately a half and a third of cases, respectively, while type 4 comprises a fifth, and type 3 less than 2% of cases. An estimated 2–5% of congenitally deaf people have Waardenburg syndrome. Descriptions of the syndrome date back to at least the first half of the 20th century, but it is named after Dutch ophthalmologist and geneticist Petrus Johannes Waardenburg, who described it in 1951. Its subtypes were progressively discovered in the following decades, and had genes attributed to them mostly in the 1990s and 2000s.

Warkany syndrome refers to one of two genetic disorders, both named for Austrian-American geneticist Joseph Warkany:

Wolfram syndrome, also called DIDMOAD (diabetes insipidus, diabetes mellitus, optic atrophy, and deafness), is a rare autosomal-recessive genetic disorder that causes childhood-onset diabetes mellitus, optic atrophy, and deafness as well as various other possible disorders.

It was first described in four siblings in 1938 by Dr. Don J. Wolfram, M.D. The disease affects the central nervous system (especially the brainstem).