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INFO: Full form for DOF is Depth Of Focus in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for DoF is Director of Finance in Medical category
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The congenital heart block (CHB) is the heart block that is diagnosed in fetus (in utero) or within the first 28 days after birth (neonatal period), some studies also include the diagnosis during early childhood to the definition of CHB. It refers to the disorder in the electrical conduction system within the heart muscle, which leads to the failure in pumping the blood efficiently into the aorta and the pulmonary trunk. The result of CHB can be first, second, or third-degree (complete) atrioventricular block (a block in the atrioventricular node) in which no electric signals move from the atrium to the ventricles

The congenital heart block is a rare disease that affects around 1 child in every 15,000–20,000 births. However, its high mortality (which can be as high as 85% in some severe cases) makes the early diagnosis and intervention very important. CHB can be isolated, where the fetus does not suffer from any other problems, or it can be a result of other diseases either in the child or in the mother.

In most cases, the congenital heart block is associated with other diseases, and therefore, the symptoms vary a lot between patients. However, low heart rate is usually the main clinical presentation that leads to the diagnosis. Also, the treatment varies as well due to the associated diseases and it can be non-invasive (medications given to the pregnant woman or to the child), or a surgery in some cases when the CHB is resulted from anatomical disorders in the heart.

Third-degree atrioventricular block (AV block) is a medical condition in which the nerve impulse generated in the sinoatrial node (SA node) in the atrium of the heart can not propagate to the ventricles.

Because the impulse is blocked, an accessory pacemaker in the lower chambers will typically activate the ventricles. This is known as an escape rhythm. Since this accessory pacemaker also activates independently of the impulse generated at the SA node, two independent rhythms can be noted on the electrocardiogram (ECG).

Boston Children's Hospital formerly known as Children's Hospital Boston until 2012 is a nationally ranked, freestanding acute care children's hospital located in Boston, Massachusetts, adjacent both to its teaching affiliate, Harvard Medical School, and to Dana-Farber Cancer Institute. Dana-Farber and Children's jointly operate the Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center to deliver comprehensive care for all types of childhood cancers. The hospital is home to the largest hospital based pediatric research program in the world. The hospital features 404 pediatric beds and provides comprehensive pediatric specialties and subspecialties to infants, children, teens, and young adults aged 0–21 throughout Massachusetts, the United States, and the world. The hospital also sometimes treats adults that require pediatric care. The hospital uses the Brigham and Women's Hospital's rooftop helipad and is an ACS verified level I pediatric trauma center, 1 of 3 in Boston. The hospital features a regional pediatric intensive-care unit and an American Academy of Pediatrics verified level IV neonatal intensive care unit. Boston Children's Hospital has been ranked as best pediatric medical center by U.S. News & World Report more times than any other hospital.

The hospital is ranked as the best children's hospital in the United States.

INFO: Full form for CHB is Centre Hospitalier de Bhannès in Medical category
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Hepatitis B is an infectious disease caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV) that affects the liver; it is a type of viral hepatitis. It can cause both acute and chronic infection. Many people have no symptoms during the initial infection. In acute infection, some may develop a rapid onset of sickness with vomiting, yellowish skin, tiredness, dark urine, and abdominal pain. Often these symptoms last a few weeks and rarely does the initial infection result in death. It may take 30 to 180 days for symptoms to begin. In those who get infected around the time of birth 90% develop chronic hepatitis B while less than 10% of those infected after the age of five do. Most of those with chronic disease have no symptoms; however, cirrhosis and liver cancer may eventually develop. Cirrhosis or liver cancer occur in about 25% of those with chronic disease.

The virus is transmitted by exposure to infectious blood or body fluids. Infection around the time of birth or from contact with other people's blood during childhood is the most frequent method by which hepatitis B is acquired in areas where the disease is common. In areas where the disease is rare, intravenous drug use and sexual intercourse are the most frequent routes of infection. Other risk factors include working in healthcare, blood transfusions, dialysis, living with an infected person, travel in countries where the infection rate is high, and living in an institution. Tattooing and acupuncture led to a significant number of cases in the 1980s; however, this has become less common with improved sterilization. The hepatitis B viruses cannot be spread by holding hands, sharing eating utensils, kissing, hugging, coughing, sneezing, or breastfeeding. The infection can be diagnosed 30 to 60 days after exposure. The diagnosis is usually confirmed by testing the blood for parts of the virus and for antibodies against the virus. It is one of five main hepatitis viruses: A, B, C, D, and E.

The infection has been preventable by vaccination since 1982. Vaccination is recommended by the World Health Organization in the first day of life if possible. Two or three more doses are required at a later time for full effect. This vaccine works about 95% of the time. About 180 countries gave the vaccine as part of national programs as of 2006. It is also recommended that all blood be tested for hepatitis B before transfusion, and that condoms be used to prevent infection. During an initial infection, care is based on the symptoms that a person has. In those who develop chronic disease, antiviral medication such as tenofovir or interferon may be useful; however, these drugs are expensive. Liver transplantation is sometimes used for cirrhosis.

About a third of the world population has been infected at one point in their lives. At least 391 million people, or 5% of the world's population, had chronic HBV infection as of 2017. While another 145 million cases of acute HBV infection occurred that year. Over 750,000 people die of hepatitis B each year. About 300,000 of these are due to liver cancer. The disease is most common in the Western Pacific (6.2%) and African (6.1%) regions. In Europe rates are 1.6% and in the Americas they are 0.7%. It was originally known as "serum hepatitis".

INFO: Full form for ChB is CHB cholera toxin B in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for CHB is Cardiovascular Health Branch in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for DLA is Deoxycholate Lactose Agar in Medical category
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The Dental Laboratories Association (DLA) is the professional body for dental laboratory owners in the United Kingdom. It is estimated that members of the DLA are responsible for over 80 per cent of the dental laboratory services in the UK.

INFO: Full form for DLA is dermatolymphangioadenitis in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for DLA is Diameter of Left Atrium in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for DLS is Division of Laboratory Systems in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for DLS is Disability Law Service in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for DLS is Dorso-Lateral Septum in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for DLS is Diabetic Limb Salvage in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for DLS is Date Last Seen in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for DLS is Direct Laboratory Services in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for DNN is Disbudding Not Necessary in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for FNC is Functional Neuromuscular Conditioning in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for FNC is Family Nurse Clinician in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for FNC is Fatty Nutritional Cirrhosis in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for FNC is Fine Needle Cytology in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for CNT is Community Nursing Team in Medical category
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