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Type 1 diabetes (T1D), previously known as juvenile diabetes, is an autoimmune disease that originates when very little or no insulin is produced by the islets of Langerhans (containing beta cells) in the pancreas. Insulin is a hormone required for the cells to use blood sugar for energy and it helps regulate normal glucose levels in the bloodstream. Before treatment this results in high blood sugar levels in the body. The common symptoms are frequent urination, increased thirst, increased hunger, and weight loss. Additional symptoms may include blurry vision, tiredness, and slow wound healing. Symptoms typically develop over a short period of time, often a matter of weeks.

The cause of type 1 diabetes is unknown, but it is believed to involve a combination of genetic and environmental factors. The underlying mechanism involves an autoimmune destruction of the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. Recent studies suggest this autoimmune islet destruction is triggered by gut microbiome dysbiosis or by persistent enteroviral infections. Diabetes is diagnosed by testing the level of sugar or glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C) in the blood. Type 1 diabetes can be distinguished from type 2 by testing for the presence of autoantibodies.

There is no known way to prevent type 1 diabetes. Treatment with insulin is required for survival. Insulin therapy is usually given by injection just under the skin but can also be delivered by an insulin pump. A diabetic diet and exercise are important parts of management. If left untreated, diabetes can cause many complications. Complications of relatively rapid onset include diabetic ketoacidosis and nonketotic hyperosmolar coma. Long-term complications include heart disease, stroke, kidney failure, foot ulcers and damage to the eyes. Furthermore, since insulin lowers blood sugar levels, complications may arise from low blood sugar if more insulin is taken than necessary.

Type 1 diabetes makes up an estimated 5–10% of all diabetes cases. The number of people affected globally is unknown, although it is estimated that about 80,000 children develop the disease each year. Within the United States the number of people affected is estimated at one to three million. Rates of disease vary widely, with approximately one new case per 100,000 per year in East Asia and Latin America and around 30 new cases per 100,000 per year in Scandinavia and Kuwait. It typically begins in children and young adults.

INFO: Full form for ZOTU is Zero-radius OTU (Operational Taxonomic Unit) in Medical category

INFO: Full form for AZH is Advancing the Zenith of Healthcare in Medical category
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The Princess Royal University Hospital or PRUH is a large acute district general hospital situated in Locksbottom, near Farnborough, in the London Borough of Bromley. It is managed by King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust.

INFO: Full form for DUSTIN is Duquesne University Simulating Telepresence In Nursing in Medical category

INFO: Full form for ZFR is Zona Fasciculata-Reticularis in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for ZFR is Zinc Finger Region in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for ZAH is Zuid Afrikaans Hospital in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for PRVH is Port Royal Veterinary Hospital in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for ZFR is Zero Fluid Retention in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for POVS is Principal Official Veterinary Surgeon in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for EAVNC is Enhanced atrioventricular nodal conduction in Medical category

INFO: Full form for PRVH is Perkins Road Veterinary Hospital in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for EAVDI is European Association of Veterinary Diagnostic Imaging in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for VIAN is Voices for Improvement Action Network in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for SA NODE is Sino-Atrial Node in Medical category

INFO: Full form for YOIA is Young Orthopaedic Investigator Award in Medical category

INFO: Full form for POAG is Primary Open Angle Glaucoma in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for PZD is Pellucida Zone Drilling in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for PZD is Partial Zona Dissection in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for PZE is PaZElliptine in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for PZE is Preparative Zonal equal Electrophoresis in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for PZG is Pyrazinoylguanidine in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for PZI is Protamine Zinc Insulin in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for VLCAD is Very long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for PZI is Protamine zinc in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for VLCAD is Very long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for AIVR is Accelerated Idio-Ventricular Rhythm in Medical category

INFO: Full form for ZFH is Zinc Finger/ Homeodomain transcriptional repressor in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for PZN is Pharma-Zentral-Nummer in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for ZFP TF is Zinc-Finger Protein Transcription Factor in Medical category

INFO: Full form for AIVI is Associazione Italiana Veterinari Igientisti ( Italy) in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for AIVPA is Associazione Italiana Veterinari Piccoli Animali (Italian Small Animal Veterinary Association) in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for VAAJ is Veterinary Association for Arbitration and Jurisprudence in Medical category

INFO: Full form for PCYDP is p-CYmene Degradation Pathway in Medical category

INFO: Full form for PKH is Paul Kimball Hospital in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for VAAST is Variant Annotation, Analysis and Search Tool in Medical category

INFO: Full form for PKIB is Protein Kinase Inhibitor Beta in Medical category

INFO: Full form for PKIA is Protein Kinase Inhibitor Alpha in Medical category

INFO: Full form for VUJ is VesicoUreteral Junction in Medical category
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Physical therapy (PT), also known as physiotherapy, is one of the allied health professions. It is provided by physical therapists who promote, maintain, or restore health through physical examination, diagnosis, prognosis, patient education, physical intervention, rehabilitation, disease prevention and health promotion. Physical therapists are known as physiotherapists in many countries.

In addition to clinical practice, other aspects of physical therapist practice include research, education, consultation, and health administration. Physical therapy is provided as a primary care treatment or alongside, or in conjunction with, other medical services. In some jurisdictions, such as the United Kingdom, physical therapists have the authority to prescribe medication.

INFO: Full form for VUJO is VesicoUreteric Junction Obstruction in Medical category

INFO: Full form for W4O is Women 4 Oncology in Medical category

Zika virus (ZIKV; pronounced or ) is a member of the virus family Flaviviridae. It is spread by daytime-active Aedes mosquitoes, such as A. aegypti and A. albopictus. Its name comes from the Ziika Forest of Uganda, where the virus was first isolated in 1947. Zika virus shares a genus with the dengue, yellow fever, Japanese encephalitis, and West Nile viruses. Since the 1950s, it has been known to occur within a narrow equatorial belt from Africa to Asia. From 2007 to 2016, the virus spread eastward, across the Pacific Ocean to the Americas, leading to the 2015–2016 Zika virus epidemic.

The infection, known as Zika fever or Zika virus disease, often causes no or only mild symptoms, similar to a very mild form of dengue fever. While there is no specific treatment, paracetamol (acetaminophen) and rest may help with the symptoms. As of April 2019, no vaccines have been approved for clinical use, however a number of vaccines are currently in clinical trials. Zika can spread from a pregnant woman to her baby. This can result in microcephaly, severe brain malformations, and other birth defects. Zika infections in adults may result rarely in Guillain–Barré syndrome.

In January 2016, the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) issued travel guidance on affected countries, including the use of enhanced precautions, and guidelines for pregnant women including considering postponing travel. Other governments or health agencies also issued similar travel warnings, while Colombia, the Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico, Ecuador, El Salvador, and Jamaica advised women to postpone getting pregnant until more is known about the risks.

INFO: Full form for PH2O is Partial pressure of water vapor in the lungs in Medical category

Vilnius University (Lithuanian: Vilniaus universitetas) is a public research university, which is the oldest university in the Baltic states, and one of the oldest and most famous in Northern Europe. Today it is Lithuania’s leading academic institution, ranked among the top 400 universities worldwide (QS).

The university was founded in 1579 as the Jesuit Academy (College) of Vilnius by Stephen Báthory, Grand Duke of Lithuania and King of Poland. It was the third oldest university (after the Cracow Academy and the Albertina) in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. Due to the failure of the November Uprising (1830–1831), the university was closed down and suspended its operation until 1919. In the aftermath of World War I, the university saw failed attempts to restart it by the local Polish Society of Friends of Science in Wilno (1915 and November 1918), Lithuania (December 1918) and invading Soviet forces (March 1919). It finally resumed operations as Stefan Batory University in Poland (August 1919), a period followed by another Soviet occupation in 1920, and the less than two years of the Republic of Central Lithuania, incorporated into Poland in 1922.

Following the Soviet invasion of Poland in September 1939, the university was briefly administered by the Lithuanian authorities (from October 1939), and then after Soviet annexation of Lithuania (June 1940), punctuated by a period of German occupation after Operation Barbarossa, from 1941 to 1944, when it was administrated as the Vilnius State University. In 1945, the Polish community of students and scholars of Stefan Batory University was transferred to Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń. After Lithuania regained its independence in 1990, following the dissolution of the Soviet Union, it resumed its status as one of the prominent universities in Lithuania.

The wide-ranging Vilnius University ensemble represents all major architectural styles that predominated in Lithuania: Gothic, Renaissance, Baroque and Classicism.

INFO: Full form for VUI-21APR-01 is Variant Under Investigation April 1st, 2021 in Medical category

INFO: Full form for VUI-202012/01 is Variant Under Investigation 2020, December 1st in Medical category

The Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC) is a medical provider with multiple hospitals in Nashville, Tennessee, as well as clinics and facilities throughout Middle Tennessee. VUMC is an independent non-profit organization, but maintains academic affiliations with Vanderbilt University.

INFO: Full form for AJ-Q is Analysis Job Queue in Medical category