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The left anterior descending artery (also LAD, anterior interventricular branch of left coronary artery, or anterior descending branch) is a branch of the left coronary artery. Blockage of this artery is often called the widow-maker infarction due to a high death risk.

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In electrocardiography, left axis deviation (LAD) is a condition wherein the mean electrical axis of ventricular contraction of the heart lies in a frontal plane direction between −30° and −90°. This is reflected by a QRS complex positive in lead I and negative in leads aVF and II.

There are several potential causes of LAD. Some of the causes include normal variation, thickened left ventricle, conduction defects, inferior wall myocardial infarction, pre-excitation syndromes, ventricular ectopic rhythms, congenital heart disease, high potassium levels, emphysema, mechanical shift, and pacemaker-generated rhythm or paced rhythm.

Symptoms and treatment of left axis deviation depend on the underlying cause.

Leukocyte adhesion deficiency (LAD), is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by immunodeficiency resulting in recurrent infections. LAD is currently divided into three subtypes: LAD1, LAD2, and the recently described LAD3, also known as LAD-1/variant. In LAD3, the immune defects are supplemented by a Glanzmann thrombasthenia-like bleeding tendency.

INFO: Full form for LAD is Life Absence and Disability in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for PHQ is Patient Health Questonnaire in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for PHQ is Preliminary Health Questionnaire in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for PHQ is Patient History Questionnaire in Medical category
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The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ) is a multiple-choice self-report inventory that is used as a screening and diagnostic tool for mental health disorders of depression, anxiety, alcohol, eating, and somatoform disorders. It is the self-report version of the Primary Care Evaluation of Mental Disorders (PRIME-MD), a diagnostic tool developed in the mid-1990s by Pfizer Inc. The length of the original assessment limited its feasibility; consequently, a shorter version, consisting of 11 multi-part questions - the Patient Health Questionnaire was developed and validated.

In addition to the PHQ, a nine-item version to assess symptoms of depression, a seven-item version to assess symptoms of anxiety (GAD-7), and a 15-item version to detect somatic symptoms (PHQ-15) have been developed and validated. The PHQ-9, GAD-7, and the PHQ-15 were combined to create the PHQ-somatic, anxiety, depressive symptoms (PHQ-SADS) and includes questions regarding panic attacks (after the GAD-7 section). Though less commonly used, there are also brief versions of the PHQ-9 and GAD-7 that may be useful as screening tools in some settings. In recent years, the PHQ-9 has been validated for use in adolescents, and a version for adolescents was also developed and validated (PHQ-A). Although these tests were originally designed as self-report inventories they can also be administered by trained health care practitioners.

The PHQ is available in over 20 languages, available on the PHQ website. Both the original Patient Health Questionnaire and later variants are public domain resources; no fees or permissions are required for using or copying the measures.: 3, 7–8 Additionally, the measures have been validated in a number of different populations internationally.

INFO: Full form for PHQ is Physician and Hospital Quality in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for PHQ is Prescription Headquarters in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for PHQ is Pregnancy Headquarter in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for NDV is Newcastle Disease Virus in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for MGD is Meibomian Gland Disease in Medical category
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Mouse Genome Informatics (MGI) is a free, online database and bioinformatics resource hosted by The Jackson Laboratory, with funding by the National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI), the National Cancer Institute (NCI), and the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD). MGI provides access to data on the genetics, genomics and biology of the laboratory mouse to facilitate the study of human health and disease. The database integrates multiple projects, with the two largest contributions coming from the Mouse Genome Database and Mouse Gene Expression Database (GXD). As of 2018, MGI contains data curated from over 230,000 publications.

The MGI resource was first published online in 1994 and is a collection of data, tools, and analyses created and tailored for use in the laboratory mouse, a widely used model organism. It is "the authoritative source of official names for mouse genes, alleles, and strains", which follow the guidelines established by the International Committee on Standardized Genetic Nomenclature for Mice. The history and focus of Jackson Laboratory research and production facilities generates tremendous knowledge and depth which researchers can mine to advance their research. A dedicated community of mouse researchers, worldwide enhances and contributes to the knowledge as well. This is an indispensable tool for any researcher using the mouse as a model organism for their research, and for researchers interested in genes that share homology with the mouse genes. Various mouse research support resources including animal collections and free colony management software are also available at the MGI site.

INFO: Full form for IDH is Institute of Digital Healthcare in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for IDH is Imminent Danger to Health in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for IDH is Integrated Dental Holdings in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for HDN is Hemolytic Disease of Newborns in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for HDN is Haemolytic Disease of Newborn in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for MGD is Minnesota Genomics Desktop in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for MGD is Meibomian Gland Disorder in Medical category
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Expanded Criteria Donor (ECD) is normally associated with kidney donors. They are also referred to as donors with "medical complexities". ECD donors are normally aged 60 years or older, or over 50 years with at least two of the following conditions: hypertension history, serum creatinine > 1.5 mg/dl or cause of death from cerebrovascular accident.

Of the 9319 living kidney donations reported in the American Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network (OPTN) / United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) database from July 2004 to December 2005, 368 (4.0%) donors were over the ageof 60 (of which 86 [0.9%] were over the age of 65), 956 (10.3%) had hypertension, 2785 (29.9%) had an eGFR <80 mL/min per 1.73 m2 (of which 392 [4.2%] had an eGFR < 60 mL/min per 1.73 m2) and 1194 (12.8%) had a BMI> 30 kg/m2 (of which 250 [2.7%] had a BMI > 35 kg/m2)

The concept of ECD was raised to address the discrepancy between demand and supply in kidney transplantation.

INFO: Full form for ECD is Extreme Crash Diet in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for LND is Lymph Node Dissection in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for LND is Light Near Dissociation in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for LDN is Low Dose Naltrexone in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for VDT is Visual Display Tool in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for NTD is Neglected Tropics Diseases in Medical category
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Neural tube defects (NTDs) are a group of birth defects in which an opening in the spine or cranium remains from early in human development. In the third week of pregnancy called gastrulation, specialized cells on the dorsal side of the embryo begin to change shape and form the neural tube. When the neural tube does not close completely, an NTD develops.

Specific types include: spina bifida which affects the spine, anencephaly which results in little to no brain, encephalocele which affects the skull, and iniencephaly which results in severe neck problems.

NTDs are one of the most common birth defects, affecting over 300,000 births each year worldwide. For example, spina bifida affects approximately 1,500 births annually in the United States, or about 3.5 in every 10,000 (0.035% of US births), which has decreased from around 5 per 10,000 (0.05% of US births) since folate fortification of grain products was started. The number of deaths in the US each year due to neural tube defects also declined from 1,200 before folate fortification was started to 840.

INFO: Full form for TSD is Temperature Sex Determination in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for IHD is Instant Health Data in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for IHD is Intermittent HemoDialysis in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for ABCD is Albinism, Black Lock, Cell Migration in Medical category
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