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INFO: Full form for HTO is Hexadecyl Tetradecenoyl Octadecanoate in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for HTO is Hospital Transfer Order in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for IDBC is iMTA Disease Burden Calculator in Medical category
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Cholecalciferol, also known as vitamin D3 and colecalciferol, is a type of vitamin D which is made by the skin when exposed to sunlight; it is also found in some foods and can be taken as a dietary supplement.

Cholecalciferol is made in the skin following UVB light exposure. It is converted in the liver to calcifediol (25-hydroxyvitamin D) which is then converted in the kidney to calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D). One of its actions is to increase the uptake of calcium by the intestines. It is found in food such as some fish, beef liver, eggs, and cheese. Certain foods such as milk, fruit juice, yogurt, and margarine also may have cholecalciferol added to them in some countries including the United States.

Cholecalciferol can be taken as an oral dietary supplement to prevent vitamin D deficiency or as a medication to treat associated diseases, including rickets. It is also used for familial hypophosphatemia, hypoparathyroidism that is causing low blood calcium, and Fanconi syndrome. Vitamin-D supplements may not be effective in people with severe kidney disease. Excessive doses in humans can result in vomiting, constipation, weakness, and confusion. Other risks include kidney stones. Doses greater than 40,000 IU (1,000 μg) per day are generally required before high blood calcium occurs. Normal doses, 800–2000 IU per day, are safe in pregnancy.

Cholecalciferol was first described in 1936. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. In 2019, it was the 84th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 9 million prescriptions. Cholecalciferol is available as a generic medication and over the counter. Cholecalciferol is also used at much higher doses to kill rodents.

A major depressive episode (MDE) is a period characterized by the symptoms of major depressive disorder. Sufferers primarily have a depressed mood for two weeks or more, and a loss of interest or pleasure in everyday activities, accompanied by other symptoms such as feelings of emptiness, hopelessness, anxiety, worthlessness, guilt and irritability, changes in appetite, problems concentrating, remembering details or making decisions, and thoughts of suicide. Insomnia or hypersomnia, aches, pains, or digestive problems that are resistant to treatment may also be present. The description has been formalized in psychiatric diagnostic criteria such as the DSM-5 and ICD-10.

Biological, psychological, and social factors are believed to be involved in the cause of depression, although it is still not well understood. Factors like socioeconomic status, life experience, and personality tendencies play a role in the development of depression and may represent increases in risk for developing a major depressive episode. There are many theories as to how depression occurs. One interpretation is that neurotransmitters in the brain are out of balance, and this results in feelings of worthlessness and despair. Magnetic resonance imaging shows that brains of people who have depression look different than the brains of people not exhibiting signs of depression. A family history of depression increases the chance of being diagnosed.

Emotional pain and economic costs are associated with depression. In the United States and Canada, the costs associated with major depression are comparable to those related to heart disease, diabetes, and back problems and are greater than the costs of hypertension. According to the Nordic Journal of Psychiatry, there is a direct correlation between major depressive episode and unemployment.

Treatments for a major depressive episode include psychotherapy and antidepressants, although in more serious cases, hospitalization or intensive outpatient treatment may be required.

INFO: Full form for FH is Full Health in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for DMD is Design of Medical Devices in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for DMD is Doctor Of Medicine In Dentistry in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for DMD is Doctor of Medical Densitry in Medical category
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Drug Metabolism and Disposition is a peer-reviewed scientific journal covering the fields of pharmacology and toxicology. It was established in 1973 and is published monthly by the American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. The journal publishes articles on in vitro and in vivo studies of the metabolism, transport, and disposition of drugs and environmental chemicals, including the expression of drug-metabolizing enzymes and their regulation. As of 2011, the editor-in-chief is Edward T. Morgan (Emory University).

All issues are available online as PDFs, with text versions additionally available from 1997. Content from 1997 is available freely 12 months after publication.

There are a number of professional degrees in dentistry offered by dental schools in various countries around the world.

INFO: Full form for DMD is Disability Mentoring Day in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for DMD is Daily Maintenance Dose in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for DMD is Delayed Mental Development in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for DMD is Disease-Modifying Drug in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for DMD is Drug Misuse Database in Medical category
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Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a severe type of muscular dystrophy that primarily affects boys. Muscle weakness usually begins around the age of four, and worsens quickly. Muscle loss typically occurs first in the thighs and pelvis followed by the arms. This can result in trouble standing up. Most are unable to walk by the age of 12. Affected muscles may look larger due to increased fat content. Scoliosis is also common. Some may have intellectual disability. Females with a single copy of the defective gene may show mild symptoms.

The disorder is X-linked recessive. About two thirds of cases are inherited from a person's mother, while one third of cases are due to a new mutation. It is caused by a mutation in the gene for the protein dystrophin. Dystrophin is important to maintain the muscle fiber's cell membrane. Genetic testing can often make the diagnosis at birth. Those affected also have a high level of creatine kinase in their blood.

Although there is no known cure, physical therapy, braces, and corrective surgery may help with some symptoms. Assisted ventilation may be required in those with weakness of breathing muscles. Medications used include steroids to slow muscle degeneration, anticonvulsants to control seizures and some muscle activity, and immunosuppressants to delay damage to dying muscle cells. Gene therapy, as a treatment, is in the early stages of study in humans. A small initial study using gene therapy has given some children improved muscle strength, but long term effects are unknown as of 2020.

DMD affects about one in 3,500 to 6,000 males at birth. It is the most common type of muscular dystrophy. The life expectancy is 26; however, with excellent care, some may live into their 30s or 40s. The disease is much more rare in girls, occurring approximately once in 50,000,000 live female births.

INFO: Full form for DFL is Digital Fabrication Laboratory in Medical category
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Down for Life may refer to:

INFO: Full form for DMX is For many, DMX refers to a double mastectomy in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for QM is Quaque Mane (Every Morning) in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for QM is Quality Motion in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for QM is Quackery Manifested in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for CVT is Cerebral Venous Thrombosis in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for CVT is Clinical Video TeleHealth in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for CVT is Vein Therapy in Medical category
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