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INFO: Full form for EBSA is European Biosafety Association in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for FFAs is Free Fatty Acids in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for FFAS is Foundation for Facial Aesthetic Surgery in Medical category
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Howard University Hospital, previously known as Freedmen's Hospital, is a major hospital located in Washington, D.C., built on the site of the previous Griffith Stadium. The hospital has served the African-American community in the area for over 150 years, having been established in 1862 to cater for the medical needs of the thousands of African Americans who came to Washington during the Civil War, seeking their freedom. The first hospital of its kind to provide medical treatment for former slaves, it later became the major hospital for the area's African American community.

Hahnemann University Hospital was a tertiary care center in Center City, Philadelphia, and the Center City Philadelphia teaching hospital of Drexel University College of Medicine. Established in 1885, it was for most of its history the main teaching hospital associated with its namesake medical school, Hahnemann Medical College and Hospital, founded in 1848 and named for Samuel Hahnemann, the founder of homeopathy. Hahnemann University Hospital was fully accredited by the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations.

Hahnemann University Hospital, located at the southwest corner of Broad and Vine streets, was also affiliated with St. Christopher's Hospital for Children in North Philadelphia.

The hospital was owned by American Academic Health System, an affiliate of Paladin Healthcare. The sale of Dallas-based for-profit Tenet Healthcare's remaining Philadelphia assets was completed on January 12, 2018.

Under American Academic Health System, Hahnemann's financial condition worsened, with the hospital losing roughly $3 million a month. Joel Freedman, CEO of American Academic Health System, publicly stated that Hahnemann was on the brink of closure unless it found financial support from Pennsylvania or Drexel University College of Medicine. As a way to stem ongoing losses, American Academic Health System laid off hundreds of employees throughout 2018 and 2019, closed outpatient offices and eliminated clinical services. In addition to the hospital's financial turmoil, there was constant turnover in hospital leadership with the hospital going through five CEOs in the course of a year.

On June 26, 2019, American Academic Health announced that because of unsustainable financial losses, Hahnemann Hospital would close in September 2019. The union representing 800 registered nurses who worked at Hahnemann appealed to Philadelphia Mayor Jim Kenney, the Philadelphia City Council, the Pennsylvania Legislature and Pennsylvania Governor Tom Wolf to keep the hospital open, but to no avail. On June 27, 2019, Governor Wolf and the Pennsylvania Department of Health issued a cease and desist and ordered Hahnemann to not take any action toward the hospital's closure until regulators approved a closure plan. On June 29, 2019, Hahnemann withdrew its Level 1 trauma designation. The closure of the hospital resulted in the ACGME displacing 574 physicians who were in training as residents and fellows, the largest such displacement in U.S. history.

In March 2020, public health authorities attempted to reopen the hospital to provide additional beds during the COVID-19 pandemic.

INFO: Full form for HUH is Hospital Unit Holding in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for HUGS is Health Under Guided Systems in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for HUGS is Hospitality Ushers Greeters And Safety in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for FHCS is Faculty of Health Care Sciences in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for FHCS is Fitz Hugh Curtis syndrome in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for GATS is General Agreement on Trade in Services (of the WTO) in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for FGPS is Family Guy Personality Syndrome in Medical category
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The Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal that was originally published by the Department of the History of Medicine at Yale University and now is continued by Oxford University Press. It covers research on the history of medicine and was established in 1946. The editor-in-chief is Christopher Crenner (University of Kansas School of Medicine). According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2011 impact factor of 0.714.

INFO: Full form for JHM is Jerky Head Movement in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for BRAP is brachial arterial pressure in Medical category
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The Journal of Healthcare Management is a bimonthly peer-reviewed academic journal covering management in healthcare. It is published by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins on behalf of the American College of Healthcare Executives. Each issue prints an interview with a leading healthcare executive.

The journal was established in 1956 as Hospital Administration, and was renamed Hospital & Health Services Administration in 1976. It took its current name in 1998.

The Journal of Hospital Medicine is a monthly peer-reviewed medical journal covering hospital medicine. It was established in 2006 and is published by the Society of Hospital Medicine, of which it is the official journal. The editor-in-chief is Samir S. Shah (Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center). According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2015 impact factor of 2.143.

INFO: Full form for BRAP is Burst of Rapid Atrial Pacing in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for BRAP is Birmingham Race Action Partnership in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for FGR is Fungal Genome Resource in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for HEW is Health e Web in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for FGR is Fetal Growth Restriction in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for FGR is Gardner-Rasheed Feline sarcoma viral oncogene homolog in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for FGR is Fulminate Gill Rot in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for HPWG is Homicide Prevention Working Group in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for HPWG is Health Policy Working Group in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for HPWG is Healthy Pregnancy Weight Gain in Medical category
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Bipolar disorder, previously known as manic depression, is a mood disorder characterized by periods of depression and periods of abnormally-elevated mood that last from days to weeks each. If the elevated mood is severe or associated with psychosis, it is called mania; if it is less severe, it is called hypomania. During mania, an individual behaves or feels abnormally energetic, happy or irritable, and they often make impulsive decisions with little regard for the consequences. There is usually also a reduced need for sleep during manic phases. During periods of depression, the individual may experience crying and have a negative outlook on life and poor eye contact with others. The risk of suicide is high; over a period of 20 years, 6% of those with bipolar disorder died by suicide, while 30–40% engaged in self-harm. Other mental health issues, such as anxiety disorders and substance use disorders, are commonly associated with bipolar disorder.

While the causes of bipolar disorder are not clearly understood, both genetic and environmental factors are thought to play a role. Many genes, each with small effects, may contribute to the development of the disorder. Genetic factors account for about 70–90% of the risk of developing bipolar disorder. Environmental risk factors include a history of childhood abuse and long-term stress. The condition is classified as bipolar I disorder if there has been at least one manic episode, with or without depressive episodes, and as bipolar II disorder if there has been at least one hypomanic episode (but no full manic episodes) and one major depressive episode. If these symptoms are due to drugs or medical problems, they are not diagnosed as bipolar disorder. Other conditions that have overlapping symptoms with bipolar disorder include attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, personality disorders, schizophrenia, and substance use disorder as well as many other medical conditions. Medical testing is not required for a diagnosis, though blood tests or medical imaging can rule out other problems.

Mood stabilizers—lithium and certain anticonvulsants such as valproate and carbamazepine—are the mainstay of long-term relapse prevention. Antipsychotics are given during acute manic episodes as well as in cases where mood stabilizers are poorly tolerated or ineffective or where compliance is poor. There is some evidence that psychotherapy improves the course of this disorder. The use of antidepressants in depressive episodes is controversial: they can be effective but have been implicated in triggering manic episodes. The treatment of depressive episodes, therefore, is often difficult. Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is effective in acute manic and depressive episodes, especially with psychosis or catatonia. Admission to a psychiatric hospital may be required if a person is a risk to themselves or others; involuntary treatment is sometimes necessary if the affected person refuses treatment.

Bipolar disorder occurs in approximately 1% of the global population. In the United States, about 3% are estimated to be affected at some point in their life; rates appear to be similar in females and males. Symptoms most commonly begin between the ages of 20 and 25 years old; an earlier onset in life is associated with a worse prognosis. Interest in functioning in the assessment of patients with bipolar disorder is growing, with an emphasis on specific domains such as work, education, social life, family, and cognition. Around one-quarter to one-third of people with bipolar disorder have financial, social or work-related problems due to the illness. Bipolar disorder is among the top 20 causes of disability worldwide and leads to substantial costs for society. Due to lifestyle choices and the side effects of medications, the risk of death from natural causes such as coronary heart disease in people with bipolar disorder is twice that of the general population.

INFO: Full form for BPAD is Behavioral and Psychological Assessment of Dementia in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for CNAA is Certified in Nursing Administration Advanced in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for CNAA is Certified Nursing Assistant Advanced in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for BPAE is Bovine Pulmonary Artery Endothelial in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for GRAIL is Gene Recognition and Analysis Internet Link in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for GKS is Gamma Knife Surgery in Medical category
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The Health Economics Unit (Bengali: স্বাস্থ্য অর্থনীতি ইউনিট) is a Bangladesh government regulatory agency under the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare of Bangladesh responsible for providing policy advice and recommendation on the health industry to the government.

The hepatitis E virus (HEV) is the causative agent of hepatitis E. It is of the species Orthohepevirus A.

The global burden of infections from the two major genotypes (1 and 2) is estimated at 20 million per year, leading to 70,000 deaths and 3,000 stillbirths.

The virus particle was first seen in 1983, but was only molecularly cloned in 1989.

INFO: Full form for HEV is Human enterovirus in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for CNAF is Canadian National Autism Foundation in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for HEV is Hemagglutinating Encephalomyelitis Virus in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for CLAN is Cancer Link Aberdeen and North in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for BSU is Blood Stool And Urine in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for BSU is Bartholin, Skene, and Urethral glands in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for COVAC is Coronavirus Vaccine in Medical category
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Factor V Leiden (rs6025 or F5 p.R506Q) is a variant (mutated form) of human factor V (one of several substances that helps blood clot), which causes an increase in blood clotting (hypercoagulability). Due to this mutation, protein C, an anticoagulant protein that normally inhibits the pro-clotting activity of factor V, is not able to bind normally to factor V, leading to a hypercoagulable state, i.e., an increased tendency for the patient to form abnormal and potentially harmful blood clots. Factor V Leiden is the most common hereditary hypercoagulability (prone to clotting) disorder amongst ethnic Europeans. It is named after the Dutch city of Leiden, where it was first identified in 1994 by Rogier Maria Bertina under the direction of (and in the laboratory of) Pieter Hendrick Reitsma. Despite the increased risk of venous thromboembolisms, people with one copy of this gene have not been found to have shorter lives than the general population.

INFO: Full form for GEBA is Genomic Encyclopedia of Bacteria and Archaea in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for IMV is Industrial Medical Vision in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for IMV is Inoue-Melnick virus in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for IMV is Intermittent Mandatory Ventilation in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for IMV is Immunopotentiators in Modern Vaccines in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for IGC is International Genomics Consortium in Medical category
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