Explore topic-wise fullforms in Telecommunication

INFO: Full form for SINAP is Signalling and Intelligent Network Applications Platform in Telecommunication category
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INFO: Full form for ADLI is Automatic Dial Line Identification in Telecommunication category
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INFO: Full form for ECHI is External Call History Interface in Telecommunication category
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INFO: Full form for TAPD is Telecommunications Access Policy Division in Telecommunication category
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INFO: Full form for DDLD is Direct Dial Long Distance in Telecommunication category
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INFO: Full form for MPOE is Minimum Point of Entry in Telecommunication category
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INFO: Full form for MPOE is Microstructured Polymer Optical Fiber in Telecommunication category
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INFO: Full form for GMLC is Gateway Mobile Location Center in Telecommunication category
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INFO: Full form for ALOC is Average Length of Call in Telecommunication category
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INFO: Full form for IDDD is International Direct Distance Dialing in Telecommunication category
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The Regional Bell Operating Companies (RBOC) are the result of United States v. AT&T, the U.S. Department of Justice antitrust suit against the former American Telephone & Telegraph Company (later known as AT&T Corp.). On January 8, 1982, AT&T Corp. settled the suit and agreed to divest its local exchange service operating companies. Effective January 1, 1984, AT&T Corp.'s local operations were split into seven independent Regional Bell Operating Companies known as the Baby Bells.

RBOCs were originally known as Regional Holding Companies (RHCs). Currently, three companies have the RBOCs as predecessors: AT&T, Verizon, and Lumen Technologies. Some other companies are holding onto smaller segments of the companies.

X.121 is the ITU-T address format of the X.25 protocol suite used as part of call setup to establish a switched virtual circuit between Public Data Networks (PDNs), connecting two network user addresses (NUAs). It consists of a maximum of fourteen binary-coded decimal digits and is sent over the Packet Layer Protocol (PLP) after the packet type identifier (PTI).

The address is made up of the international data number (IDN), which consists of two fields: the 4 digit data network identification code (DNIC) and the (up to) 10 digit national terminal number (NTN).

The DNIC has three digits to identify the country (one to identify a zone and two to identify the country within the zone) and one to identify the PDN (allowing only ten in each country). The NTN identifies the exact network device (DTE, data terminal equipment) in the packet-switched network (PSN) and is often provided as an NUA. There are no rules to the structure of the NTN.

IPv4 addresses can be mapped to X.121 as described in RFC 1236. The 14.0.0.0/8 block used to be reserved for X.121 use but was returned to IANA in 2008 to stave off IPv4 address exhaustion.

INFO: Full form for USRT is Universal Synchronous Receiver/transmitter in Telecommunication category
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INFO: Full form for WACN is Wide Area Communications Network in Telecommunication category
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INFO: Full form for MTAU is Metalic Test Access Unit in Telecommunication category
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INFO: Full form for WCTB is Wireless Campus Testbed in Telecommunication category
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INFO: Full form for TPSP is Third Party Service Provider in Telecommunication category
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INFO: Full form for TPSN is Triple Play Subscriber Network in Telecommunication category
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INFO: Full form for WDDF is Wireless Data Delivery Function in Telecommunication category
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INFO: Full form for WWVC is Worldwide Videoconferencing in Telecommunication category
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INFO: Full form for WBSN is Wireless Broadband-sharing Network in Telecommunication category
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INFO: Full form for HFK is Hands Free Kit in Telecommunication category
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INFO: Full form for WRBS is Wireless Router Base Station in Telecommunication category
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INFO: Full form for WLDS is Wilkes Long Distance Service in Telecommunication category
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INFO: Full form for STVM is Straight To Voicemail in Telecommunication category
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INFO: Full form for WLSS is Wireless Select Switch in Telecommunication category
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INFO: Full form for MOTP is Mobile One Time Passwords in Telecommunication category
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INFO: Full form for WVAS is Wireless Value Added Services in Telecommunication category
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INFO: Full form for BWRC is Berkeley Wireless Research Center in Telecommunication category
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INFO: Full form for TJR is Trunk and Junction Routing in Telecommunication category
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INFO: Full form for ND is Non-duplex in Telecommunication category
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INFO: Full form for NC is Next Call in Telecommunication category
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INFO: Full form for MG is Minimum Guarantee in Telecommunication category
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INFO: Full form for MG is Master Group in Telecommunication category
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INFO: Full form for NC is Network Channel in Telecommunication category
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"No Connection" is a science fiction short story by American writer Isaac Asimov. It was first published in the June 1948 issue of Astounding Science Fiction and reprinted in the 1972 collection The Early Asimov.

INFO: Full form for OD is Operator Dialed in Telecommunication category
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Synchronous optical networking (SONET) and synchronous digital hierarchy (SDH) are standardized protocols that transfer multiple digital bit streams synchronously over optical fiber using lasers or highly coherent light from light-emitting diodes (LEDs). At low transmission rates data can also be transferred via an electrical interface. The method was developed to replace the plesiochronous digital hierarchy (PDH) system for transporting large amounts of telephone calls and data traffic over the same fiber without the problems of synchronization.

SONET and SDH, which are essentially the same, were originally designed to transport circuit mode communications (e.g., DS1, DS3) from a variety of different sources, but they were primarily designed to support real-time, uncompressed, circuit-switched voice encoded in PCM format. The primary difficulty in doing this prior to SONET/SDH was that the synchronization sources of these various circuits were different. This meant that each circuit was actually operating at a slightly different rate and with different phase. SONET/SDH allowed for the simultaneous transport of many different circuits of differing origin within a single framing protocol. SONET/SDH is not a complete communications protocol in itself, but a transport protocol (not a ‘transport’ in the OSI Model sense).

Due to SONET/SDH's essential protocol neutrality and transport-oriented features, SONET/SDH was the obvious choice for transporting the fixed length Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) frames also known as cells. It quickly evolved mapping structures and concatenated payload containers to transport ATM connections. In other words, for ATM (and eventually other protocols such as Ethernet), the internal complex structure previously used to transport circuit-oriented connections was removed and replaced with a large and concatenated frame (such as STS-3c) into which ATM cells, IP packets, or Ethernet frames are placed.

Both SDH and SONET are widely used today: SONET in the United States and Canada, and SDH in the rest of the world. Although the SONET standards were developed before SDH, it is considered a variation of SDH because of SDH's greater worldwide market penetration.SONET is subdivided into four sublayers with some factor such as the path, line, section and physical layer.

The SDH standard was originally defined by the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI), and is formalised as International Telecommunication Union (ITU) standards G.707, G.783, G.784, and G.803. The SONET standard was defined by Telcordia and American National Standards Institute (ANSI) standard T1.105. which define the set of transmission formats and transmission rates in the range above 51.840 Mbit/s.