Explore topic-wise fullforms in Computer and Networking

INFO: Full form for OCDMA is Orthogonal CDMA in Computer and Networking category
OCDMA also has other full forms in other categories mentioned below.

INFO: Full form for ORDQ is Order Qualification in Computer and Networking category

INFO: Full form for PACA is Priority Access and Channel Assignment in Computer and Networking category
PACA also has other full forms in other categories mentioned below.

INFO: Full form for PAC-U is Personal Access Communications System, Unlicensed Band in Computer and Networking category

INFO: Full form for PCH is Paging Channel in Computer and Networking category
PCH also has other full forms in other categories mentioned below.

INFO: Full form for NPRM is Notice of Proposed Rule Making (FCC) in Computer and Networking category
NPRM also has other full forms in other categories mentioned below.

In telecommunications, a network-to-network interface (NNI) is an interface that specifies signaling and management functions between two networks. An NNI circuit can be used for interconnection of signalling (e.g., SS7), Internet Protocol (IP) (e.g., MPLS) or ATM networks.

In networks based on MPLS or GMPLS, NNI is used for the interconnection of core provider routers (class 4 or higher).

In the case of GMPLS, the type of interconnection can vary across Back-to-Back, EBGP or mixed NNI connection scenarios, depending on the type of VRF exchange used for interconnection. In case of Back-to-Back, VRF is necessary to create VLANs and subsequently sub-interfaces (VLAN headers and DLCI headers for Ethernet and frame relay network packets) on each interface used for the NNI circuit. In the case of eBGP NNI interconnection, IP routers are taught how to dynamically exchange VRF records without VLAN creation.

NNI also can be used for interconnection of two VoIP nodes. In cases of mixed or full-mesh scenarios, other NNI types are possible.

NNI interconnection is encapsulation independent, but Ethernet and Frame Relay are commonly used.

INFO: Full form for ONS is On Premise Station in Computer and Networking category
ONS also has other full forms in other categories mentioned below.

The Open Settlement Protocol (OSP) is a client/server protocol used by Internet service providers to exchange authorization, accounting, and usage information to support IP telephony. Open Settlement Protocol is implemented in voice telephony gateways such as softswitches, H.323 multimedia conferencing gateways, and Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) proxies.

OSP is defined by the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) Project TIPHON (Telecommunications and Internet Protocol Harmonization Over Networks).

A press release of September 2, 1998, announced that the industry leaders 3Com Corporation, Cisco, GRIC Communications, iPass Inc., and TransNexus had "teamed up to promote inter-domain authentication, authorization and accounting standards for IP telephony through the Open Settlement Protocol (OSP)". The Open Settlement Protocol is being developed under the authority of the European Telecommunications Standards Institute's ETSI project TIPHON.The TIPHON project objective is

One of the benefits of the new Open Settlement Protocol is: "flexible and feature-rich information exchange via the Extensible Markup Language (XML)". The message system defined in the protocol architecture uses HTTP to communicate the principal message content; this includes a MIME header together with the XML document in a <Message>.

Open Settlement Protocol standard specification may be found in the document ETSI Technical Specification 101 321: Telecommunications and Internet Protocol Harmonization Over Networks (TIPHON) Release 4: Open Settlement Protocol for Inter-domain pricing, authorisation, and usage exchange. Version 4.1.1 of this document was ratified in November 2003.

The document's statement of scope reads:

Section 6 (XML Content)

XML element and attribute declarations in this section define the provisional DTD for the Open Settlement Protocol.

The OSP Toolkit is a complete development kit for software developers who want to implement the client side of the European Telecommunication Standards Institute's (ETSI) OSP standard for secure VoIP peering. The OSP Toolkit includes source code written in ANSI C, test tools and extensive documentation on how to implement the OSP standard. A hosted OSP test server is freely available on the Internet for all developers to test their OSP implementation.

INFO: Full form for PC_SSN is Point Code Sub-System Number in Computer and Networking category

INFO: Full form for PCF is Personal Call Forwarding in Computer and Networking category
PCF also has other full forms in other categories mentioned below.

INFO: Full form for PCF is Picture Clock Frequency in Computer and Networking category
PCF also has other full forms in other categories mentioned below.

INFO: Full form for OSP is OutSide Plant in Computer and Networking category
OSP also has other full forms in other categories mentioned below.

INFO: Full form for Oftel is British Office of Telecommunications in Computer and Networking category

INFO: Full form for OPASTCO is Organization for the Promotoion and Advancement of Small Telecommunications Companies in Computer and Networking category

INFO: Full form for PAL is Phase Alteration Line in Computer and Networking category
PAL also has other full forms in other categories mentioned below.

INFO: Full form for P&A is Privacy and Authentication in Computer and Networking category
P&A also has other full forms in other categories mentioned below.

INFO: Full form for PDU-MUX is Protocol Data Unit Multiplexer in Computer and Networking category

INFO: Full form for O-QAM is Orthogonally multiplexed QAM in Computer and Networking category

INFO: Full form for OGM is Out-Going Message in Computer and Networking category
OGM also has other full forms in other categories mentioned below.

INFO: Full form for ORREQ is Origination Request in Computer and Networking category

INFO: Full form for NIUF is North American ISDN Users Forum in Computer and Networking category

The North American Numbering Plan (NANP) is a telephone numbering plan for World Zone 1, which comprises twenty-five distinct regions in twenty countries primarily in North America, including the Caribbean. Some North American countries, most notably Mexico, do not participate in the NANP.

The NANP was originally devised in the 1940s by AT&T for the Bell System and independent telephone operators in North America to unify the diverse local numbering plans that had been established in the preceding decades. AT&T continued to administer the numbering plan until the breakup of the Bell System, when administration was delegated to the North American Numbering Plan Administrator (NANPA), a service that has been procured from the private sector by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) in the United States. Each participating country forms a regulatory authority that has plenary control over local numbering resources. The FCC also serves as the U.S. regulator. Canadian numbering decisions are made by the Canadian Numbering Administration Consortium.

The NANP divides the territories of its members into numbering plan areas (NPAs) which are encoded numerically with a three-digit telephone number prefix, commonly called the area code. Each telephone is assigned a seven-digit telephone number unique only within its respective plan area. The telephone number consists of a three-digit central office code and a four-digit station number. The combination of an area code and the telephone number serves as a destination routing address in the public switched telephone network (PSTN). For international call routing, the NANP has been assigned the international calling code 1 by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU). The North American Numbering Plan conforms with ITU Recommendation E.164, which establishes an international numbering framework.

The Network Driver Interface Specification (NDIS) is an application programming interface (API) for network interface controllers (NICs).

INFO: Full form for NEBS is Network Equipment Building System, a Bellcore environmental requirements specification in Computer and Networking category
NEBS also has other full forms in other categories mentioned below.

INFO: Full form for NAPTR is Naming Authority Pointer in Computer and Networking category

INFO: Full form for NS-cap is Non-Standard capability in Computer and Networking category

INFO: Full form for NMDS is Narrowband Multi-service Delivery System in Computer and Networking category

INFO: Full form for NECQ is National Electronic Components Quality Assessment System in Computer and Networking category

A telephone numbering plan is a type of numbering scheme used in telecommunication to assign telephone numbers to subscriber telephones or other telephony endpoints. Telephone numbers are the addresses of participants in a telephone network, reachable by a system of destination code routing. Telephone numbering plans are defined in each of the administrative regions of the public switched telephone network (PSTN) and in private telephone networks.

For public numbering systems, geographic location typically plays a role in the sequence of numbers assigned to each telephone subscriber. Many numbering plan administrators subdivide their territory of service into geographic regions designated by a prefix, often called an area code or city code, which is a set of digits forming the most-significant part of the dialing sequence to reach a telephone subscriber.

Numbering plans may follow a variety of design strategies which have often arisen from the historical evolution of individual telephone networks and local requirements. A broad division is commonly recognized between a closed numbering plan, such as found in North America, which feature fixed-length area codes and local numbers, while an open numbering plan features a variance in the length of the area code, local number, or both of a telephone number assigned to a subscriber line.

The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) has established a comprehensive numbering plan, designated E.164, for uniform interoperability of the networks of its member state or regional administrations. It is an open numbering plan, however, imposing a maximum length of 15 digits to telephone numbers. The standard defines a country calling code (country code) for each state or region which is prefixed to each national numbering plan telephone number for international destination routing.

Private numbering plans exist in telephone networks that are privately operated in an enterprise or organizational campus. Such systems may be supported by a private branch exchange (PBX), which provides a central access point to the PSTN and also controls internal calls between telephone extensions.

In contrast to numbering plans, which determine telephone numbers assigned to subscriber stations, dialing plans establish the customer dialing procedures, i.e., the sequence of digits or symbols to be dialed to reach a destination. It is the manner in which the numbering plan is used. Even in closed numbering plans, it is not always necessary to dial all digits of a number. For example, an area code may often be omitted when the destination is in the same area as the calling station.

NMT (Nordisk MobilTelefoni or Nordiska MobilTelefoni-gruppen, Nordic Mobile Telephony in English) is an automatic cellular phone system specified by Nordic telecommunications administrations (PTTs) and opened for service on 1 October 1981 as a response to the increasing congestion and heavy requirements of the manual mobile phone networks: ARP (150 MHz) in Finland, MTD (450 MHz) in Sweden and Denmark, and OLT in Norway.

NMT is based on analogue technology (first generation or 1G) and two variants exist: NMT-450 and NMT-900. The numbers indicate the frequency bands used. NMT-900 was introduced in 1986 and carries more channels than the older NMT-450 network.

The NMT specifications were free and open, allowing many companies to produce NMT hardware and pushing prices down. The success of NMT was important to Nokia (then Mobira) and Ericsson. First Danish implementers were Storno (then owned by General Electric, later taken over by Motorola) and AP (later taken over by Philips). Initial NMT phones were designed to mount in the trunk of a car, with a keyboard/display unit at the driver's seat. "Portable" versions existed, though they were still bulky, and with battery life still being a big problem. Later models such as Benefon's were as small as 100 mm (3.9 inches) and weighed only about 100 grams.

INFO: Full form for NASRNG is Network Access Server Requirements in Computer and Networking category

INFO: Full form for NSO is National Standard Organization in Computer and Networking category
NSO also has other full forms in other categories mentioned below.

In telecommunication, a non-return-to-zero (NRZ) line code is a binary code in which ones are represented by one significant condition, usually a positive voltage, while zeros are represented by some other significant condition, usually a negative voltage, with no other neutral or rest condition.

For a given data signaling rate, i.e., bit rate, the NRZ code requires only half the baseband bandwidth required by the Manchester code (the passband bandwidth is the same). The pulses in NRZ have more energy than a return-to-zero (RZ) code, which also has an additional rest state beside the conditions for ones and zeros.

When used to represent data in an asynchronous communication scheme, the absence of a neutral state requires other mechanisms for bit synchronization when a separate clock signal is not available. Since NRZ is not inherently a self-clocking signal, some additional synchronization technique must be used for avoiding bit slips; examples of such techniques are a run-length-limited constraint and a parallel synchronization signal.

INFO: Full form for NS/EP is National Security and Emergency Preparedness in Computer and Networking category
NS/EP also has other full forms in other categories mentioned below.

INFO: Full form for NS/EP is National Security/Emergency Preparedness in Computer and Networking category
NS/EP also has other full forms in other categories mentioned below.

INFO: Full form for NPA is Network Provider Access in Computer and Networking category
NPA also has other full forms in other categories mentioned below.

The North American Numbering Plan (NANP) is a telephone numbering plan for World Zone 1, which comprises twenty-five distinct regions in twenty countries primarily in North America, including the Caribbean. Some North American countries, most notably Mexico, do not participate in the NANP.

The NANP was originally devised in the 1940s by AT&T for the Bell System and independent telephone operators in North America to unify the diverse local numbering plans that had been established in the preceding decades. AT&T continued to administer the numbering plan until the breakup of the Bell System, when administration was delegated to the North American Numbering Plan Administrator (NANPA), a service that has been procured from the private sector by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) in the United States. Each participating country forms a regulatory authority that has plenary control over local numbering resources. The FCC also serves as the U.S. regulator. Canadian numbering decisions are made by the Canadian Numbering Administration Consortium.

The NANP divides the territories of its members into numbering plan areas (NPAs) which are encoded numerically with a three-digit telephone number prefix, commonly called the area code. Each telephone is assigned a seven-digit telephone number unique only within its respective plan area. The telephone number consists of a three-digit central office code and a four-digit station number. The combination of an area code and the telephone number serves as a destination routing address in the public switched telephone network (PSTN). For international call routing, the NANP has been assigned the international calling code 1 by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU). The North American Numbering Plan conforms with ITU Recommendation E.164, which establishes an international numbering framework.

INFO: Full form for NSMA is National Spectrum Managers Association in Computer and Networking category
NSMA also has other full forms in other categories mentioned below.

INFO: Full form for NIU is Network Interface Unit in Computer and Networking category
NIU also has other full forms in other categories mentioned below.

INFO: Full form for NCG is Number Consulting Group (Bellcore) in Computer and Networking category
NCG also has other full forms in other categories mentioned below.

INFO: Full form for NVCASE is National Voluntary Conformity Assessment System Evaluation in Computer and Networking category

INFO: Full form for VQmon is ETSI TS101 329-5 Annex E, Method for Determining an Equipment Impairment Factor in Computer and Networking category

In cryptography, a trusted third party (TTP) is an entity which facilitates interactions between two parties who both trust the third party; the Third Party reviews all critical transaction communications between the parties, based on the ease of creating fraudulent digital content. In TTP models, the relying parties use this trust to secure their own interactions. TTPs are common in any number of commercial transactions and in cryptographic digital transactions as well as cryptographic protocols, for example, a certificate authority (CA) would issue a digital certificate to one of the two parties in the next example. The CA then becomes the Trusted-Third-Party to that certificates issuance. Likewise transactions that need a third party recordation would also need a third-party repository service of some kind or another.

'Trusted' means that a system needs to be trusted to act in your interests, but it has the option (either at will or involuntarily) to act against your interests. 'Trusted' also means that there is no way to verify if that system is operating in your interests, hence the need to trust it. Corollary: if a system can be verified to operate in your interests, it would not need your trust. And if it can be shown to operate against your interests one would not use it.