Explore topic-wise fullforms in Electronics

INFO: Full form for JSNM is Japan Society of New Metals in Electronics category
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INFO: Full form for WVM is Grain-stabilized Tungsten (wolfram) with A High Corrosion Resistance Against Various Molten Metals in Electronics category
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INFO: Full form for SUPER is Special Unlimited Personal Electronic Resources in Electronics category
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INFO: Full form for TECB is Triple Des Electronic Code Book in Electronics category
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The extended interaction oscillator (EIO) is a linear-beam vacuum tube designed to convert direct current to RF power. The conversion mechanism is the space charge wave process whereby velocity modulation in an electron beam transforms to current or density modulation with distance.

The tubes contain a single resonator. The complete cavity is a rectangular box containing a ladder-like structure through which the electron beam passes. Such a cavity has a large number of resonances but in the resonant mode used, large RF fields are developed in the gaps between the rungs. The phase advance from gap to gap is selected in such a way that an electron sees the same field at every gap, and it is described as being synchronous. In this context, the same field means a field of the same phase but not necessarily the same magnitude.

An electron beam which enters an RF excited cavity with approximately synchronous velocity will receive cumulative velocity modulation at each gap. After some distance into the resonator, repeatedly accelerated electrons will be catching up with electrons repeatedly decelerated, and bunches will form. These bunches will have a velocity close to the beam velocity. If the electron velocity is somewhat greater than synchronous, the bunches will start to cross gaps when the field is retarding, rather than zero. When this happens, the electrons are slowed; their lost energy is gained by the cavity and sustained oscillations become possible. As the velocity of the beam entering the cavity is increased further, more energy is transferred to the cavity and the frequency of oscillation rises somewhat. Eventually, however, the bunches punch through the retarding fields and oscillations cease abruptly. Reducing the beam velocity (voltage) will cause the tube to resume oscillation. However, it is necessary to reduce the beam velocity below the value at which oscillations ceased before oscillation will start again. This phenomenon is known as hysteresis and is similar to that observed in many reflex klystrons.

The frequency change which occurs as the beam voltage is raised is referred to as electronic tuning, and is typically 0.2% of the operating frequency measured from half power to cessation of oscillation. For larger frequency changes mechanical tuning is used which is obtained by moving one wall of the cavity. The moveable wall is, in fact, a piston which can be moved in a tunnel whose cross-section is that of the wall which it replaces. The range of mechanical tuning is usually limited by parasitic resonances which occur when the oscillating frequency and the frequency of one of the many other cavity resonances coincide. When this happens, serious loss is introduced, often sufficient enough to suppress oscillation completely. Typically, a mechanical tuning range of 4% can be obtained but greater ranges have been demonstrated.

Apart from the resonant cavity, the Extended Interaction Oscillator is very similar to more conventional klystrons. An electron gun produces a narrow beam of electrons which is maintained at the required diameter by a magnetic field while it passes through the RF section. Thereafter, the beam enters a relatively field-free region where it spreads out and is collected by an appropriately cooled collector. Many of these oscillators have electrically isolated anodes and in these cases, the voltage between the cathode and anode determines the tube current which in turn determines the maximum power output.

INFO: Full form for VTID is Vernier Time-interval Digitizer in Electronics category
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A land mobile radio system (LMRS) is a person-to-person voice communication system consisting of two-way radio transceivers (an audio transmitter and receiver in one unit) which can be stationary (base station units), mobile (installed in vehicles), or portable (handheld walkie-talkies). Public land mobile radio systems are made for use exclusively by public safety organizations such as police, fire, and ambulance services, and other governmental organizations, and use special frequencies reserved for these services. Private land mobile radio systems are designed for private commercial use, by firms such as taxis or delivery services. Most systems are half-duplex, with multiple radios sharing a single radio channel, so only one radio can transmit at a time. The transceiver is normally in receiving mode so the user can hear other radios on the channel; when a user wants to talk he presses a push to talk button on his microphone, which turns on his transmitter. They use channels in the VHF or UHF bands and transmitter power is usually limited to around 5 watts, giving them a limited range, usually 3 to 20 miles (4.8 to 32 km) depending on terrain, although repeaters installed on tall buildings, hills or mountain peaks can be used to increase the coverage area. Older systems use AM or FM modulation, while some recent systems use digital modulation allowing them to transmit data as well as sound.

INFO: Full form for IED is Distributed Intelligent Electronic Device in Electronics category
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A high-intensity radiated field (HIRF) is radio-frequency energy of a strength sufficient to adversely affect either a living organism or the performance of a device subjected to it. A microwave oven is an example of this principle put to controlled, safe use. Radio-frequency (RF) energy is non-ionizing electromagnetic radiation – its effects on tissue are through heating.Electronic components are affected via rectification of the RF and a corresponding shift in the bias points of the components in the field.

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and U.S. Federal Communications Commission (FCC) set limits for the amounts of RF energy exposure permitted in a standard work-day.

INFO: Full form for LVG is Longitudinal Vortex Generator in Electronics category
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INFO: Full form for LPCVD is Low Pressure Chemical Vapor Deposition in Electronics category
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INFO: Full form for MISO is Multiple Input Single Output in Electronics category
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INFO: Full form for SLSI is Super Large Scale Integration in Electronics category
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INFO: Full form for LFE is Low Frequency Effect in Electronics category
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INFO: Full form for SISR is Speaker Independent Speech Recognition in Electronics category
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INFO: Full form for MRCP is Microelectronics Research Collaboration Program in Electronics category
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INFO: Full form for ESAR is Electronic Systems for Automation Robotics in Electronics category
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INFO: Full form for DASH is Digital Audio Signal Height in Electronics category
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INFO: Full form for DASP is Digital Audio Surround Processor in Electronics category
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INFO: Full form for DASP is Digital Alias-free Signal Processing in Electronics category
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INFO: Full form for MLDA is Mutational Load Distribution Analysis in Electronics category
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INFO: Full form for DMSA is Defense Manufacturers and Suppliers Association in Electronics category
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INFO: Full form for TASER is Thomas A. Swift Electronic Rifle in Electronics category
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A flat-panel display (FPD) is an electronic display device used to enable people to see content (still images, moving images, text, or other visual material) in a range of entertainment, consumer electronics, personal computer, and mobile devices, and many types of medical, transportation and industrial equipment. They are far lighter and thinner than traditional cathode ray tube (CRT) television sets and are usually less than 10 centimetres (3.9 in) thick. Flat-panel displays can be divided into two display device categories: volatile and static. Volatile displays require that pixels be periodically electronically refreshed to retain their state (e.g. liquid-crystal displays (LCD)). A volatile display only shows an image when it has battery or AC mains power. Static flat-panel displays rely on materials whose color states are bistable (e.g., e-book reader tablets from Sony), and as such, flat-panel displays retain the text or images on the screen even when the power is off. As of 2016, flat-panel displays have almost completely replaced old CRT displays. In many 2010-era applications, specifically small portable devices such as laptops, mobile phones, smartphones, digital cameras, camcorders, point-and-shoot cameras, and pocket video cameras, any display disadvantages of flat-panels (as compared with CRTs) are made up for by portability advantages (low power consumption from batteries, thinness and lightweightness).

Most 2010s-era flat-panel displays use LCD or light emitting diode (LED) technologies, sometimes combined. Most LCD screens are back-lit as color filters are used to display colors. Flat-panel displays are thin, lightweight, provide better linearity and are capable of higher resolution than typical consumer-grade TVs from earlier eras. The highest resolution for consumer-grade CRT TVs was 1080i; in contrast, many flat-panels can display 1080p or even 4K resolution. As of 2016, some devices that use flat-panels, such as tablet computers, smartphones and, less commonly, laptops, use touchscreens, a feature that enables users to select onscreen icons or trigger actions (e.g., playing a digital video) by touching the screen. Many touchscreen-enabled devices can display a virtual QWERTY or numeric keyboard on the screen, to enable the user to type words or numbers.

A multifunctional monitor (MFM) is a flat-panel display that has additional video inputs (more than a typical LCD monitor) and is designed to be used with a variety of external video sources, such as VGA input, HDMI input from capable equipped VHS VCR or video game console and, in some cases, a USB input or card reader for viewing digital photos. In many instances, an MFM also includes a TV tuner, making it similar to a LCD TV that offers computer connectivity.

INFO: Full form for FPD is Focal-plane Deviation in Electronics category
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INFO: Full form for RFOC is Radio Frequency Oscillator Circuit in Electronics category
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INFO: Full form for EIEOS is Electric Idle Exit Ordered Set in Electronics category
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INFO: Full form for EIET is Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering Technology in Electronics category
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INFO: Full form for UTFS is Universal Time and Frequency System in Electronics category
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INFO: Full form for RST is Regulation Servo Tracking in Electronics category
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INFO: Full form for RST is Radio Systems Technology in Electronics category
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In fluid dynamics, the Reynolds stress is the component of the total stress tensor in a fluid obtained from the averaging operation over the Navier–Stokes equations to account for turbulent fluctuations in fluid momentum.

INFO: Full form for CAAPS is Circuit Assembly and Processing System in Electronics category
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The ARM Advanced Microcontroller Bus Architecture (AMBA) is an open-standard, on-chip interconnect specification for the connection and management of functional blocks in system-on-a-chip (SoC) designs. It facilitates development of multi-processor designs with large numbers of controllers and components with a bus architecture. Since its inception, the scope of AMBA has, despite its name, gone far beyond microcontroller devices. Today, AMBA is widely used on a range of ASIC and SoC parts including applications processors used in modern portable mobile devices like smartphones. AMBA is a registered trademark of ARM Ltd.

AMBA was introduced by ARM in 1996. The first AMBA buses were the Advanced System Bus (ASB) and the Advanced Peripheral Bus (APB). In its second version, AMBA 2 in 1999, ARM added AMBA High-performance Bus (AHB) that is a single clock-edge protocol. In 2003, ARM introduced the third generation, AMBA 3, including Advanced eXtensible Interface (AXI) to reach even higher performance interconnect and the Advanced Trace Bus (ATB) as part of the CoreSight on-chip debug and trace solution. In 2010 the AMBA 4 specifications were introduced starting with AMBA 4 AXI4, then in 2011 extending system-wide coherency with AMBA 4 AXI Coherency Extensions (ACE). In 2013 the AMBA 5 Coherent Hub Interface (CHI) specification was introduced, with a re-designed high-speed transport layer and features designed to reduce congestion.

These protocols are today the de facto standard for embedded processor bus architectures because they are well documented and can be used without royalties.

INFO: Full form for NGP is No Ground Plane in Electronics category
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INFO: Full form for EACP is Emergency Auxiliary Control Panel in Electronics category
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INFO: Full form for PVM is Piezo Viscoelastic Material in Electronics category
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INFO: Full form for VSR is Very Short Reach in Electronics category
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INFO: Full form for VSR is Voltage-sensitive Release in Electronics category
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INFO: Full form for VSR is Variable Shunt Reactor in Electronics category
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INFO: Full form for WGF is Waveguide Filter in Electronics category
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INFO: Full form for EIP is Electronic Information Product in Electronics category
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INFO: Full form for EIP is Equipment Improvement Project in Electronics category
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INFO: Full form for EIP is Equipment Improvement Program in Electronics category
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