Explore topic-wise fullforms in Electronics

INFO: Full form for IOCZ is Input/output, Cmos Levels, Tri-stateable in Electronics category
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INFO: Full form for WUJ is Wrap Under Join in Electronics category
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INFO: Full form for BPSG is Boro Phosphosilicate Glass in Electronics category
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INFO: Full form for UFPT is Ultra Fine Pitch Technology in Electronics category
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INFO: Full form for TIBA is Tri-isobutlaluminum in Electronics category
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INFO: Full form for MFSSM is Mid-frequency Small Signal Model in Electronics category
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INFO: Full form for LDVS is Locally Dynamic Voltage Scaling in Electronics category
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INFO: Full form for VSRM is Voltage-sensitive Release Mechanism in Electronics category
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INFO: Full form for MTBA is Mean Time Between Assists in Electronics category
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INFO: Full form for HLCU is Heterodyne Local Control Unit in Electronics category
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INFO: Full form for WVFG is Wideband Video Frequency Generator in Electronics category
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INFO: Full form for BDEV is Behavior-level Deviation in Electronics category
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INFO: Full form for VIFB is Video Feedback in Electronics category
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INFO: Full form for IE is Information Electronics in Electronics category
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INFO: Full form for FL is Frequency Lock in Electronics category
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In logic, fuzzy logic is a form of many-valued logic in which the truth value of variables may be any real number between 0 and 1. It is employed to handle the concept of partial truth, where the truth value may range between completely true and completely false. By contrast, in Boolean logic, the truth values of variables may only be the integer values 0 or 1.

The term fuzzy logic was introduced with the 1965 proposal of fuzzy set theory by Azerbaijani scientist Lotfi Zadeh. Fuzzy logic had, however, been studied since the 1920s, as infinite-valued logic—notably by Łukasiewicz and Tarski.

Fuzzy logic is based on the observation that people make decisions based on imprecise and non-numerical information. Fuzzy models or sets are mathematical means of representing vagueness and imprecise information (hence the term fuzzy). These models have the capability of recognising, representing, manipulating, interpreting, and utilising data and information that are vague and lack certainty.

Fuzzy logic has been applied to many fields, from control theory to artificial intelligence.

INFO: Full form for IDF is Integrated Dual Feed in Electronics category
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INFO: Full form for DB is Design Based in Electronics category
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In telecommunications, a multi-band device (including (2) dual-band, (3) tri-band, (4) quad-band and (5) penta-band devices) is a communication device (especially a mobile phone) that supports multiple radio frequency bands. All devices which have more than one channel use multiple frequencies; a band however is a group of frequencies containing many channels. Multiple bands in mobile devices support roaming between different regions where different standards are used for mobile telephone services. Where the bands are widely separated in frequency, parallel transmit and receive signal path circuits must be provided, which increases the cost, complexity and power demand of multi-band devices.

The term quad-band describes a device that supports four frequency bands: 850 and 1900 MHz, mostly used in the Americas (ITU region 2), and the 900 and 1800 MHz bands used elsewhere. Most GSM/UMTS phones support all four bands, while most CDMA2000/1xRTT phones (mostly North America and voice transmission only) do not, and so are considered only dual-band devices. A few phones support both of the domestic frequencies but only one foreign one for limited roaming, making them tri-band phones.

The term penta-band describes a device that supports a fifth frequency band, commonly the 1700/2100 MHz band in much of the world. The Advanced Wireless Services (AWS) 1700 MHz band is also seeing increased usage.

INFO: Full form for IC is Inner Conductor in Electronics category
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INFO: Full form for IC is Insulation Compatible in Electronics category
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Ion chromatography (or ion-exchange chromatography) separates ions and polar molecules based on their affinity to the ion exchanger. It works on almost any kind of charged molecule—including large proteins, small nucleotides, and amino acids. However, ion chromatography must be done in conditions that are one unit away from the isoelectric point of a protein.

The two types of ion chromatography are anion-exchange and cation-exchange. Cation-exchange chromatography is used when the molecule of interest is positively charged. The molecule is positively charged because the pH for chromatography is less than the pI (a/k/a pH(I)). In this type of chromatography, the stationary phase is negatively charged and positively charged molecules are loaded to be attracted to it. Anion-exchange chromatography is when the stationary phase is positively charged and negatively charged molecules (meaning that pH for chromatography is greater than the pI) are loaded to be attracted to it. It is often used in protein purification, water analysis, and quality control. The water-soluble and charged molecules such as proteins, amino acids, and peptides bind to moieties which are oppositely charged by forming ionic bonds to the insoluble stationary phase. The equilibrated stationary phase consists of an ionizable functional group where the targeted molecules of a mixture to be separated and quantified can bind while passing through the column—a cationic stationary phase is used to separate anions and an anionic stationary phase is used to separate cations. Cation exchange chromatography is used when the desired molecules to separate are cations and anion exchange chromatography is used to separate anions. The bound molecules then can be eluted and collected using an eluant which contains anions and cations by running higher concentration of ions through the column or changing pH of the column.

One of the primary advantages for the use of ion chromatography is only one interaction involved during the separation as opposed to other separation techniques; therefore, ion chromatography may have higher matrix tolerance. Another advantage of ion exchange is the predictability of elution patterns (based on the presence of the ionizable group). For example, when cation exchange chromatography is used, cations will elute out last. Meanwhile, the negative charged molecules will elute out first. However, there are also disadvantages involved when performing ion-exchange chromatography, such as constant evolution with the technique which leads to the inconsistency from column to column. A major limitation to this purification technique is that it is limited to ionizable group.

INFO: Full form for IC is Investment Council in Electronics category
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