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INFO: Full form for VSRU is Voluntary Sector Relations Unit in General category
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INFO: Full form for VSRL is Vehicule de Secours Routier Lourd in General category

INFO: Full form for VSRD is Voluntary Supplier Risk Declaration in General category
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INFO: Full form for E308 is Gamma - tocopherol in General category

Calcium lactate is a white crystalline salt with formula C
6H
10CaO
6, consisting of two lactate anions H
3C(CHOH)CO−
2 for each calcium cation Ca2+
. It forms several hydrates, the most common being the pentahydrate C
6H
10CaO
6·5H
2O.

Calcium lactate is used in medicine, mainly to treat calcium deficiencies; and as a food additive with E number of E327. Some cheese crystals consist of calcium lactate.

Aguli Khristian Sikla Bodol is a Tripuri/ Kokborok Speaking Christian youth organization in Agartala, capital city of Tripura state in India. It is the common youth organization of all the Kokborok speaking Baptist youths in Agartala city. The member includes youth from six Baptist Churches which are located in the capital city.

INFO: Full form for E332 is Potassium citrates in General category

Sodium citrate may refer to any of the sodium salts of citric acid (though most commonly the third):

The three forms of salt are collectively known by the E number E331.

INFO: Full form for E334 is Tartaric acid ( L (+) -) in General category

INFO: Full form for E335 is Sodium tartrates in General category

INFO: Full form for PRAMED is PRA> med in General category

INFO: Full form for E333 is Calcium citrates in General category

INFO: Full form for VSPS is Vehicle Scheduling and Planning System in General category

INFO: Full form for E336 is Potassium tartrates in General category

Potassium sodium tartrate tetrahydrate, also known as Rochelle salt, is a double salt of tartaric acid first prepared (in about 1675) by an apothecary, Pierre Seignette, of La Rochelle, France. Potassium sodium tartrate and monopotassium phosphate were the first materials discovered to exhibit piezoelectricity. This property led to its extensive use in "crystal" gramophone (phono) pick-ups, microphones and earpieces during the post-World War II consumer electronics boom of the mid-20th century. Such transducers had an exceptionally high output with typical pick-up cartridge outputs as much as 2 volts or more. Rochelle salt is deliquescent so any transducers based on the material deteriorated if stored in damp conditions.

It has been used medicinally as a laxative. It has also been used in the process of silvering mirrors. It is an ingredient of Fehling's solution (reagent for reducing sugars). It is used in electroplating, in electronics and piezoelectricity, and as a combustion accelerator in cigarette paper (similar to an oxidizer in pyrotechnics).

In organic synthesis, it is used in aqueous workups to break up emulsions, particularly for reactions in which an aluminium-based hydride reagent was used. Sodium Potassium tartrate is also important in the food industry.

It is a common precipitant in protein crystallography and is also an ingredient in the Biuret reagent which is used to measure protein concentration. This ingredient maintains cupric ions in solution at an alkaline pH.

Sodium phosphate is a generic term for a variety of salts of sodium (Na+) and phosphate (PO43−). Phosphate also forms families or condensed anions including di-, tri-, tetra-, and polyphosphates. Most of these salts are known in both anhydrous (water-free) and hydrated forms. The hydrates are more common than the anhydrous forms.

Potassium phosphate is a generic term for the salts of potassium and phosphate ions including:

As food additives, potassium phosphates have the E number E340.

Propyl gallate, or propyl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate is an ester formed by the condensation of gallic acid and propanol. Since 1948, this antioxidant has been added to foods containing oils and fats to prevent oxidation. As a food additive, it is used under the E number E310.

INFO: Full form for E309 is Delta - tocopherol in General category

Octyl gallate is the ester of 1-octanol and gallic acid. As a food additive, it is used under the E number E311 as an antioxidant and preservative.

Dodecyl gallate, or lauryl gallate, is the ester of dodecanol and gallic acid. As a food additive it is used under the E number E312 as an antioxidant and preservative.

INFO: Full form for VSPEC is Vehicle Specification in General category
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Erythorbic acid (isoascorbic acid, D-araboascorbic acid) is a stereoisomer of ascorbic acid (vitamin C). It is synthesized by a reaction between methyl 2-keto-D-gluconate and sodium methoxide. It can also be synthesized from sucrose or by strains of Penicillium that have been selected for this feature. It is denoted by E number E315, and is widely used as an antioxidant in processed foods.

Clinical trials have been conducted to investigate aspects of the nutritional value of erythorbic acid. One such trial investigated the effects of erythorbic acid on vitamin C metabolism in young women; no effect on vitamin C uptake or clearance from the body was found. A later study found that erythorbic acid is a potent enhancer of nonheme-iron absorption.

Since the U.S. Food and Drug Administration banned the use of sulfites as a preservative in foods intended to be eaten fresh (such as salad bar ingredients), the use of erythorbic acid as a food preservative has increased.

It is also used as a preservative in cured meats and frozen vegetables.

It was first synthesized in 1933 by the German chemists Kurt Maurer and Bruno Schiedt.

INFO: Full form for E320 is Butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) in General category

INFO: Full form for E321 is Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) in General category

Sodium erythorbate (C6H7NaO6) is a food additive used predominantly in meats, poultry, and soft drinks. Chemically, it is the sodium salt of erythorbic acid. When used in processed meat such as hot dogs and beef sticks, it increases the rate at which nitrite reduces to nitric oxide, thus facilitating a faster cure and retaining the pink coloring. As an antioxidant structurally related to vitamin C, it helps improve flavor stability and prevents the formation of carcinogenic nitrosamines. When used as a food additive, its E number is E316. The use of erythorbic acid and sodium erythorbate as a food preservative has increased greatly since the U.S. Food and Drug Administration banned the use of sulfites as preservatives in foods intended to be eaten fresh (such as ingredients for fresh salads) and as food processors have responded to the fact that some people are allergic to sulfites. It can also be found in bologna, and is occasionally used in beverages, baked goods, and potato salad.

Sodium erythorbate is produced from sugars derived from different sources, such as beets, sugar cane, and corn. An urban myth claims that sodium erythorbate is made from ground earthworms; however, there is no truth to the myth. It is thought that the origin of the legend comes from the similarity of the chemical name to the words earthworm and bait.

Alternative applications include the development of additives that could be utilized as antioxidants in general. For instance, this substance has been implemented in the development of corrosion inhibitors for metals and it has been implemented in active packaging.

Sodium erythorbate is soluble in water. The pH of the aqueous solution of the sodium salt is between 5 and 6. A 10% solution, made from commercial grade sodium erythorbate, may have a pH of 7.2 to 7.9. In its dry, crystalline state it is nonreactive. But, when in solution with water it readily reacts with atmospheric oxygen and other oxidizing agents, which makes it a valuable antioxidant.

INFO: Full form for AKRT is Antwerp Karting Racing Team in General category

Sodium lactate is the sodium salt of lactic acid, and has a mild saline taste. It is produced by fermentation of a sugar source, such as corn or beets, and then, by neutralizing the resulting lactic acid to create a compound having the formula NaC3H5O3.

Lecithin (, from the Greek lekithos "yolk") is a generic term to designate any group of yellow-brownish fatty substances occurring in animal and plant tissues which are amphiphilic – they attract both water and fatty substances (and so are both hydrophilic and lipophilic), and are used for smoothing food textures, emulsifying, homogenizing liquid mixtures, and repelling sticking materials.

Lecithins are mixtures of glycerophospholipids including phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylserine, and phosphatidic acid.

Lecithin was first isolated in 1845 by the French chemist and pharmacist Théodore Gobley. In 1850, he named the phosphatidylcholine lécithine. Gobley originally isolated lecithin from egg yolk—λέκιθος lekithos is "egg yolk" in Ancient Greek—and established the complete chemical formula of phosphatidylcholine in 1874; in between, he had demonstrated the presence of lecithin in a variety of biological matters, including venous blood, in human lungs, bile, human brain tissue, fish eggs, fish roe, and chicken and sheep brain.

Lecithin can easily be extracted chemically using solvents such as hexane, ethanol, acetone, petroleum ether or benzene; or extraction can be done mechanically. It is usually available from sources such as egg yolk, marine sources, soybeans, milk, rapeseed, cottonseed, and sunflower oil. It has low solubility in water, but is an excellent emulsifier. In aqueous solution, its phospholipids can form either liposomes, bilayer sheets, micelles, or lamellar structures, depending on hydration and temperature. This results in a type of surfactant that usually is classified as amphipathic. Lecithin is sold as a food additive and dietary supplement. In cooking, it is sometimes used as an emulsifier and to prevent sticking, for example in non-stick cooking spray.

Potassium lactate is a compound with formula KC3H5O3, or H3C-CHOH-COOK. It is the potassium salt of lactic acid. It is produced by neutralizing lactic acid which is fermented from a sugar source. It has E number "E326". Potassium lactate is a liquid product that is usually 60% solids but is available at up to 78% solids.

INFO: Full form for VSOT is Valvoline Synpower Oil Treatment in General category
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Fitch, Even, Tabin & Flannery LLP, (known as Fitch Even), is a premium law firm that specializes in intellectual property (IP) and technology-related law. The firm originated in Chicago, Illinois in 1859, and now has offices throughout the United States and an international client base. Most of the firm's attorneys are registered U.S. patent attorneys (i.e., authorized to practice before the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office and in at least one state in the U.S.) and have backgrounds in high technology or the chemical and life sciences.

INFO: Full form for VSOC is Very Superior Old Cars in General category
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INFO: Full form for VSOH is Vehicle State Of Health in General category

INFO: Full form for AKPS is Asociacion de Karting de la Patagonia Sur in General category

INFO: Full form for VSOL is Vacuum Solenoid in General category

INFO: Full form for VSNE is Valeo Service Northern Europe in General category

INFO: Full form for PRADEEP is Pleasant Responsible Ambitious Delightful Elegant Excellent Prompt in General category

INFO: Full form for PRAFF is Piston Ring Assembly Frictional Force in General category

INFO: Full form for PRAFO is Pressure Relief Ankle Foot Orthosis in General category
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INFO: Full form for AKQJ is Ace, King, Queen, Jack in General category

INFO: Full form for AKRM is Allgemeine Katzenfreunde Rhein Main in General category

The Azad Kashmir Regular Force (AKRF), formerly known as Kashmir Liberation Forces, was the predecessor to the present-day Azad Kashmir Regiment of the Pakistan Army.In this form, it was part of Pakistan's paramilitary forces, operating out of the nominally self-governing territory of Azad Jammu and Kashmir.The AKRF was altered from a functioning paramilitary force and merged into the Pakistan Army as an infantry regiment following the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971.

A majority of the Pakistani troops who were deployed to infiltrate the Indian-administered state of Jammu and Kashmir during Operation Gibraltar in August 1965 were in service with the AKRF. This operation's failure would later spark the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965.

INFO: Full form for AKQJT is Ace, King, Queen, Jack, Ten in General category

INFO: Full form for VSNS is Verband Schweizer Naturheilkunde Schulen in General category

INFO: Full form for VSLAM is Visual SLAM Visual SLAM in General category
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INFO: Full form for VSLC is Vehicles Stopping Per Lane Per Cycle in General category
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INFO: Full form for VSKC is Victorian Super Kart Club in General category

Vienna Standard Mean Ocean Water (VSMOW) is an isotopic standard for water. Despite the name, VSMOW is pure water with no salt or other chemicals found in the oceans. The VSMOW standard was promulgated by the International Atomic Energy Agency (based in Vienna) in 1968, and since 1993 continues to be evaluated and studied by the IAEA along with the European Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements and the American National Institute of Standards and Technology. The standard includes both the established values of stable isotopes found in waters and calibration materials provided for standardization and interlaboratory comparisons of instruments used to measure these values in experimental materials.

The designation ocean water refers to water molecules collected directly from the ocean, rather than from other points in the water cycle (e.g., rain, snow, river or lake water). Water from different points in the water cycle contains molecules with differing ratios of isotopes due to the slight differences the isotopes cause in the rates of evaporation and condensation. VSMOW is not a standard for seawater, which contains other molecules in addition to water molecules. Fresh distilled VSMOW is used to make high accuracy measurements of water's physical properties and to produce laboratory standards.

Before VSMOW was defined, average ocean water and melted snow were used as references. These conventions were refined in the 1960s by the standardized definition of Standard Mean Ocean Water (SMOW). The U.S. National Bureau of Standards (now the National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST) created physical water standards for global use. However, the physical integrity of the U.S. standards came into question. The use of the SMOW standard was discontinued.

VSMOW is a recalibration of the original SMOW definition and was created in 1967 by Harmon Craig and other researchers from Scripps Institution of Oceanography at the University of California, San Diego who mixed distilled ocean waters collected from different spots around the globe. VSMOW remains one of the major isotopic water benchmarks in use today, used for both hydrogen and oxygen isotopes.

INFO: Full form for VSKV is Večnacionalne sile kopenske vojske in General category
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