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In statistics, the Bayesian information criterion (BIC) or Schwarz information criterion (also SIC, SBC, SBIC) is a criterion for model selection among a finite set of models; models with lower BIC are generally preferred. It is based, in part, on the likelihood function and it is closely related to the Akaike information criterion (AIC).

When fitting models, it is possible to increase the likelihood by adding parameters, but doing so may result in overfitting. Both BIC and AIC attempt to resolve this problem by introducing a penalty term for the number of parameters in the model; the penalty term is larger in BIC than in AIC.

The BIC was developed by Gideon E. Schwarz and published in a 1978 paper, where he gave a Bayesian argument for adopting it.

INFO: Full form for LLL is Lenstra Lenstra Lovasz Algorithm in Maths category
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Random Walk is a 1988 novel by Lawrence Block. It was first published by Tor Books.

INFO: Full form for VD is Virtual Dimension in Maths category
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INFO: Full form for RTA is Real-time Analysis in Maths category
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INFO: Full form for ROR is Rejection of Outliers By Rotation in Maths category
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INFO: Full form for MFS is Master Fitting Series in Maths category
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INFO: Full form for MFS is Maximal Frequent Sequence in Maths category
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Latent semantic analysis (LSA) is a technique in natural language processing, in particular distributional semantics, of analyzing relationships between a set of documents and the terms they contain by producing a set of concepts related to the documents and terms. LSA assumes that words that are close in meaning will occur in similar pieces of text (the distributional hypothesis). A matrix containing word counts per document (rows represent unique words and columns represent each document) is constructed from a large piece of text and a mathematical technique called singular value decomposition (SVD) is used to reduce the number of rows while preserving the similarity structure among columns. Documents are then compared by taking the cosine of the angle between the two vectors (or the dot product between the normalizations of the two vectors) formed by any two columns. Values close to 1 represent very similar documents while values close to 0 represent very dissimilar documents.

An information retrieval technique using latent semantic structure was patented in 1988 (US Patent 4,839,853, now expired) by Scott Deerwester, Susan Dumais, George Furnas, Richard Harshman, Thomas Landauer, Karen Lochbaum and Lynn Streeter. In the context of its application to information retrieval, it is sometimes called latent semantic indexing (LSI).

Cell most often refers to:

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Concurrency, concurrent, or concurrence may refer to:

Convergent is an adjective for things that converge. It is commonly used in mathematics and may refer to:

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INFO: Full form for C is Roman Numeral 100 in Maths category
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