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INFO: Full form for ACH is Acute Care Hospital in Medical category
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Esophageal achalasia, often referred to simply as achalasia, is a failure of smooth muscle fibers to relax, which can cause the lower esophageal sphincter to remain closed. Without a modifier, "achalasia" usually refers to achalasia of the esophagus. Achalasia can happen at various points along the gastrointestinal tract; achalasia of the rectum, for instance, may occur in Hirschsprung's disease.

Esophageal achalasia is an esophageal motility disorder involving the smooth muscle layer of the esophagus and the lower esophageal sphincter (LES). It is characterized by incomplete LES relaxation, increased LES tone, and lack of peristalsis of the esophagus (inability of smooth muscle to move food down the esophagus) in the absence of other explanations like cancer or fibrosis.

Achalasia is characterized by difficulty in swallowing, regurgitation, and sometimes chest pain. Diagnosis is reached with esophageal manometry and barium swallow radiographic studies. Various treatments are available, although none cures the condition. Certain medications or Botox may be used in some cases, but more permanent relief is brought by esophageal dilatation and surgical cleaving of the muscle (Heller myotomy).

The most common form is primary achalasia, which has no known underlying cause. It is due to the failure of distal esophageal inhibitory neurons. However, a small proportion occurs secondary to other conditions, such as esophageal cancer, Chagas disease (an infectious disease common in South America) or Triple-A syndrome. Achalasia affects about one person in 100,000 per year. There is no gender predominance for the occurrence of disease. The term is from a- + -chalasia "no relaxation."

Achalasia can also manifest alongside other diseases as a rare syndrome such as achalasia microcephaly.

Achondroplasia is a genetic disorder whose primary feature is dwarfism. In those with the condition, the arms and legs are short, while the torso is typically of normal length. Those affected have an average adult height of 131 centimetres (4 ft 4 in) for males and 123 centimetres (4 ft) for females. Other features include an enlarged head and prominent forehead. Complications can include sleep apnea or recurrent ear infections. The disorder does not generally affect intelligence.

Achondroplasia is caused by a mutation in the fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) gene that results in its protein being overactive. The disorder has an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance, meaning only one mutated copy of the gene is required for the condition to occur. About 80% of cases result from a new mutation, which originates in the father's sperm. The rest are inherited from a parent with the condition. The risk of a new mutation increases with the age of the father. In families with two affected parents, children who inherit both affected genes typically die before birth or in early infancy from breathing difficulties. The condition is generally diagnosed based on the symptoms but may be confirmed by genetic testing.

Treatments may include support groups and growth hormone therapy. Efforts to treat or prevent complications such as obesity, hydrocephalus, obstructive sleep apnea, middle ear infections or spinal stenosis may be required. Life expectancy of those affected is about 10 years less than average. Achondroplasia is the most common cause of dwarfism and affects about 1 in 27,500 people.

Briefings in Functional Genomics is a bimonthly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering genomics. It was established in 2002 as Briefings in Functional Genomics & Proteomics, obtaining its current title in 2010. It is published by Oxford University Press and the editor-in-chief is Paul Hurd (Queen Mary University of London). According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2019 impact factor of 2.941, ranking it 67th out of 162 journals in the category "Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology".

INFO: Full form for BHB is Behavioral Health Board in Medical category
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From 10 June 1993 until 30 July 2007, the British Horseracing Board (BHB) was the governing authority for horseracing in Great Britain. It was created in 1993, and took on responsibilities previously held by the Jockey Club. This was intended to help modernise the sport, as the Jockey Club is a private members' club with a traditionally aristocratic membership, and was seen by some as being unaccountable and a relic of the tradition of amateurism in British sports administration. The Jockey Club however retained responsibility for matters concerned with the regulation of the sport, such as integrity, discipline and equine health. The British Horseracing Board focused on organising and promoting the sport and enhancing its commercial position. This was an extract from its statement of aims published in 2006:

As the Governing Authority for Racing, we will promote the interests of our sport and industry in whatever way we can.... We will work to attract and retain more racehorse owners, racegoers and other customers. We will seek to maintain and promote horseracing as a competitive and attractive sport and betting medium. We also wish to see the best possible training and working conditions for those employed in the industry, and the highest possible standards of care for horses.

The BHB was merged with the Horseracing Regulatory Authority (HRA), the regulatory division of the Jockey Club, in 2007, creating a new organisation called the British Horseracing Authority which from 31 July 2007 governs and regulates the sport. As a result, the Jockey Club has formally ended its link with the regulation of the sport.

The British Horseracing Board ceased to exist on 31 July 2007.

The Bermuda Hospitals Board operates the King Edward VII Memorial Hospital, located in Paget Parish, and the Mid-Atlantic Wellness Institute, located in Devonshire Parish.

Dr Michael Richmond is the chief of staff.

It logged 430 incidents that resulted in harm to patients between March 28, 2011 and December 31, 2015. 14 patients died unexpectedly, 5 needed life-saving treatment and 9 suffered permanent harm. There were about 6,000 hospital admissions, 30,000 emergency department attendances and 6,300 outpatient procedures in 2017.

INFO: Full form for BGG is Biomedical Genetics and Genomics in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for BFR is Blood Flow Restriction in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for BFR is Blood Flow Rate in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for DPO is Days Post Ovulation in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for DPO is Days Past Ovulation in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for DPO is Disaster Psychiatry Outreach in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for DPO is Discrimination Prevention Office in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for BEP is Benign Enlargement of Prostate in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for BEP is Bleomycin, Etoposide, Platinol in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for BEP is Brain Evoked Potential in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for BEP is bleomycin, etoposide, and cisplatin in Medical category
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Bovine somatotropin or bovine somatotrophin (abbreviated bST and BST), or bovine growth hormone (BGH), is a peptide hormone produced by cows' pituitary glands.

Like other hormones, it is produced in small quantities and is used in regulating metabolic processes.

Recombinant bovine somatotropin (usually "rBST"), is a synthetic version of the bovine growth hormone given to dairy cattle by injection to increase milk production.

Kaleida Health, founded in 1998, is a not-for-profit healthcare network that manages five hospitals in the Buffalo-Niagara Falls metropolitan area. Prior to the merger of member hospitals into the network, it was known as the Millard Fillmore Health System.

INFO: Full form for BGH is Board on Global Health in Medical category
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Bangkok Hospital (Thai: โรงพยาบาลกรุงเทพ) is a hospital in Bangkok, Thailand. It was opened in 1972 by a team of physicians, pharmacists and 30 nurses. It is one of the largest privately owned hospitals in Southeast Asia. The original hospital became the Bangkok Hospital Group, now Thailand's largest hospital operator with 40 locations in major cities throughout Thailand.

In 2007, the chief executive officer (CEO) of Bangkok Hospital Group Co. Ltd. Prasert Prasarttong-Osoth received from Kaewkwan Watcharoethai, the Royal Household Secretary-General, the royal warrant appointment to display the Garuda emblem.

INFO: Full form for BGO is Bismuth Germanate (Bismuth Germanium Oxide) in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for BBV is Blood Borne Virus in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for BBV is Beat-to-Beat Variation in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for PRP is pre-RNA processing in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for PRP is PACAP-related peptide in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for PRP is Penicillin-Resistant Pneumococci in Medical category
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INFO: Full form for PRP is Physiologic Rest Position in Medical category
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