Explore topic-wise fullforms in Space Science

INFO: Full form for PVA is Preburner Valve Actuator in Space Science category
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INFO: Full form for PVA is Production Verification Audit in Space Science category
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INFO: Full form for PVA is Propellant Valve Actuator in Space Science category
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INFO: Full form for OBL is Operational Baseline in Space Science category
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INFO: Full form for MNB is Main Bus B in Space Science category
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INFO: Full form for LFO is Liquid Fuel Oxidizer in Space Science category
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INFO: Full form for LEM is Lunar Entry Mode in Space Science category
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INFO: Full form for LEM is Laboratory Environment Model in Space Science category
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INFO: Full form for LEM is Launch Escape Monitor in Space Science category
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The Apollo Lunar Module, or simply Lunar Module (LM ), originally designated the Lunar Excursion Module (LEM), was the Lunar lander spacecraft that was flown between lunar orbit and the Moon's surface during the United States' Apollo program. It was the first crewed spacecraft to operate exclusively in the airless vacuum of space, and remains the only crewed vehicle to land anywhere beyond Earth.

Structurally and aerodynamically incapable of flight through Earth's atmosphere, the two-stage lunar module was ferried to lunar orbit attached to the Apollo command and service module (CSM), about twice its mass. Its crew of two flew the complete lunar module from lunar orbit to the Moon's surface. During takeoff, the spent descent stage was used as a launch pad for the ascent stage which then flew back to the command module, after which it was also discarded.

Overseen by Grumman, the LM's development was plagued with problems that delayed its first uncrewed flight by about ten months and its first crewed flight by about three months. Still, the LM became the most reliable component of the Apollo–Saturn space vehicle. The total cost of the LM for development and the units produced was $21.3 billion in 2016 dollars, adjusting from a nominal total of $2.2 billion using the NASA New Start Inflation Indices.

Ten lunar modules were launched into space. Of these, six were landed by humans on the Moon from 1969 to 1972. The first two launched were test flights in low Earth orbit—the first without a crew, the second with one. Another was used by Apollo 10 for a dress rehearsal flight in low lunar orbit, without landing. One lunar module functioned as a lifeboat for the crew of Apollo 13, providing life support and propulsion when their CSM was disabled by an oxygen tank explosion en route to the Moon, forcing the crew to abandon plans for a lunar landing.

The six landed descent stages remain at their landing sites; their corresponding ascent stages crashed into the Moon following use. One ascent stage (Apollo 10's Snoopy) was discarded in a heliocentric orbit after its descent stage was discarded in lunar orbit. The other three LMs were burned up in the Earth's atmosphere: the four stages of Apollo 5 and Apollo 9 each re-entered separately, while Apollo 13's Aquarius re-entered complete, following emergency maneuvers.

INFO: Full form for LLS is Launch and Landing Site in Space Science category
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INFO: Full form for ISG is Istp Scheduling Group in Space Science category
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INFO: Full form for LID is Logistics Identification Document in Space Science category
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INFO: Full form for IBE is Inboard Booster Engine in Space Science category
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INFO: Full form for HBT is Heflex Bioengineering Test in Space Science category
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INFO: Full form for GSU is Gas Servicer Unit in Space Science category
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INFO: Full form for BFO is Blood-forming Organs in Space Science category
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INFO: Full form for CDW is Command Data Word in Space Science category
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INFO: Full form for CDW is Compact Disc Writeable in Space Science category
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INFO: Full form for RBE is Radiation Biological Effectiveness in Space Science category
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INFO: Full form for OHA is Operational Hazard Analysis in Space Science category
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INFO: Full form for OHA is Orbital Height Adjustment Maneuver in Space Science category
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INFO: Full form for JST is Joint Systems Test in Space Science category
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INFO: Full form for OPI is Orbiter Payload Interrogator in Space Science category
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Dinitrogen tetroxide, commonly referred to as nitrogen tetroxide (NTO), and occasionally (usually among ex-USSR/Russia rocket engineers) as amyl, is the chemical compound N2O4. It is a useful reagent in chemical synthesis. It forms an equilibrium mixture with nitrogen dioxide. Its molar mass is 92.011 g/mol.

Dinitrogen tetroxide is a powerful oxidizer that is hypergolic (spontaneously reacts) upon contact with various forms of hydrazine, which has made the pair a common bipropellant for rockets.

INFO: Full form for PAF is Payload Attach Fitting in Space Science category
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INFO: Full form for PAF is Peak Annual Funding in Space Science category
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INFO: Full form for IRG is Inner Roll Gimbal in Space Science category
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INFO: Full form for IRG is Inertial Rate Gyroscope in Space Science category
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INFO: Full form for FAF is First Aerodynamic Flight in Space Science category
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